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江蘇省丹陽高級中學2008―2009學年度高二年級期中考試

化學試卷 5.7

本測試卷分第Ⅰ部分（選擇題）和第Ⅱ部分（非選擇題），滿分為120分，考試時間90分鐘。

第Ⅰ卷（選擇題共 60 分）

試題詳情

物質的組成和分類

考點聚焦

1．掌握分子、原子、離子、原子團、元素等概念。

2．掌握混合物、純凈物、單質、化合物、金屬、非金屬的概念

3．掌握氧化物、酸、堿、鹽概念及相互關系。

4．了解同位素和同素異形體。

知識梳理

試題詳情

化學二輪復習全套試卷

專題一基礎化學實驗

Ⅰ實驗基本操作

試題詳情

江蘇省丹陽高級中學08-09學年高二下學期期中考試（語文）

分值：160分考試用時：150分鐘 2009.05.07

試題詳情

江蘇省丹陽高級中學2008-2009學年度高二期中考試

英語試卷

第一卷（客觀題，共95分）

第一部分：聽力（共兩節，滿分20分）

第一節（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1. Where are the two speakers talking now?

A. In a car B. On a bike C. In a train

2. What did the doctor advise the woman to do?

A. Take more sugar B. Lose weightC. Take medicine

3. How much does the man need to pay for two bottles of orange juice?

A. 3 dollars B. 4 dollars C. 6 dollars

4. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A. Friends B. Mother and son C. Husband and wife

5. What does the man mean?

A. The new classmate has been here for 3 days.

B. He hasn’t seen the new classmate for 3 days.

C. There are three new classmates all together.

第二節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段材料，回答第6至8題。

6. When does the conversation probably take place?

A. In the morning B. In the afternoon C. At noon

7. How many people will come with the woman for lunch?

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5

8. What can we learn from the conversation?

A. The woman will meet a visitor in the restaurant.

B. The restaurant serves lunch until 2:00 p.m.

C. The woman doesn’t know the restaurant well.

聽下面一段材料，回答第9至11題。

9. Why hasn’t David seen Jessie lately?

A. Because he has been absent from school.

B. Because he has been busy with the study.

C. Because he has been on a summer vacation.

10. Who will go camping according to the dialogue?

A. David and Jessie B. Jessie and her brother C. David and his brother

11. What does Jessie think of camping?

A. It’s cheap and wonderful B. It’s wonderful but unsafe C. It is worthwhile but tiring

聽下面一段材料，回答第12至14題。

12. How many books are there in the library?

A. Over 1 million B. About 2 million C. Over 3 million

13. What is the building to the south of the library?

A. New office building for senior high school.

B. New classroom building for senior high school.

C. New dormitory building for junior high school.

14. Where is the swimming pool located?

A. To the east of the library.

B. In the middle of the school.

C. To the north of the library.

聽下面一段材料，回答第15至17題。

15. What's the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Strangers B. Classmates C. Colleagues

16. How often do the buses run?

A. About every fifteen minutes. B. About every ten minutes. C. About every five minutes.

17. What do we know about the woman?

A. She is new to New York. B. She is on her way to 63^rd Street. C. She comes from South Africa.

聽下面一段材料，回答第18至20題。

18. Why will the speaker put in new light fixtures?

A. Because the old lights don’t light up very well.

B. Because the old lights are all out of fashion.

C. Because there are not enough lights in the house.

19. What will the new addition include?

A. A family room and a dining area.

B. A living room and a dining area.

C. A deck and a living room.

20. What can we learn from the talk?

A. A backdoor will be added to the house.

B. The speaker intends to replace the roof.

C. The speaker plans to replace a part of the carpets.

第二部分：英語知識運用(共兩節，滿分35分)

第一節: 單項填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分) 從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

21. ---Can the young girl take charge of the computer company?

---I’m afraid it’s _________ her ability.

A. to B. of C. beyond D. within

22. Intelligence doesn’t mean success. You need to work hard as well.

A．honestly B．comparatively C．simply D．necessarily

23. When valuable, those books enjoyed great success.

A．having found B．found C．being found D．to be found

24. After his _________ of the new mobile phone, the college graduate felt wild with joy.

A. acquisition B. invitation C. concentration D. distinction

25. I’d rather read than watch television, because the programs seem _________ all the time.

A. get worse B. to have got worse

C. that it is getting worse D. to be getting worse

26. ________ feels good to have a hot bath after a day’s hard work.

A. That B. It C. This D. What

27. Scientists say it will be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A. since B. that C. before D. when

28. Does it never ________ to you that I may beat him in the game?

A. happen B. handle C. think D. occur

29. It was already past midnight and only three students ________ in the classroom.

A. left B. remained C. delayed D. predicted

30. ________ to the left at the crossroads, and you will see the railway station on your right.

A. Turn B. Turning C. If you turn D. To turn

31. It would _________ if John helped with the housework that we are to finish this afternoon.

A. make a difference B. make sure

C. take into consideration D. keep in mind

32. I’m sending an e-mail to my friend ________ he will give me a hand in the project.

A. in the hope of B. in order to C. in the hope that D. in order of

33. Time _________, we will go shopping in the supermarket.

A. permitted B. permits C. permitting D. having been permitted

34. Are there any difficulties that have _________ from the change of the plan?

A. raised B. rose C. found D. arisen

35. The audience _________ the exits when the alarm was sounded.

A. made up B. made for C. took up D. took for

第二節：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36～55各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She __36__ John very much. In her eyes he couldn’t do anything __37__. Every morning she would give him breadkfst__38__bed and bring him the papers to read. It isn't really true that he was too__39__to work-in fact he had tried a few__40__. First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to__41__at least six windows. Then he__42__a bus conductor and on his second__43__a passenger stole his bag with all the fares（車費）collected. He even lost his job as a postman__44__he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to people's houses. It seemed that there was__45__suitable work for him. So he__46__to join the army. Mrs. Fant was so__47__about this that she told the news to all her neighbours. “My John is good to be a soldier,” she said. “He is going to be the best soldier there__48__was, I can tell you!”

Then the great day came__49__he was to march past the palace in the parade（接受檢閱的隊伍）.His__50__mother travelled to the city early in the morning to be sure of getting a good__51__in the crowd.

The parade was full of sound and colour. But when John and his __52__ came in sight some of the people watching __53__ laughing at the one who couldn't keep pace with the other as they marched along.

But Ella Fant, who was filled with __54__, shouted at the top of her voice: “Look at them! They’re all out of __55__ except my John! Isn’t he the best!”

36. A. depended on B. waited on C. trusted D. loved

37. A. wrong B. great C. good D. strange

38. A. to B. at C. in D. by

39. A. lazy B. young C. weak D. shy

40. A. ones B. years C. tasks D. jobs

41. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean

42.A. followed B. met C. became D. found

43.A. day B. try C. route D. chance

44.A. even if B. so that C. because D. though

45.A. some B. such C. less D. no

46.A. began B. promised C. managed D. decided

47.A. excited B. worried C. anxious D. curious

48.A. yet B. ever C. never D. just

49.A. where B. since C. when D. till

50.A. proud B. kind C. strict D. lucky

51.A. time B. position C. experience D. impression

52.A. neighbours B. army officer C. mother D. fellow soldiers

53.A. couldn't help B. shouldn't burst out C. stopped D. kept

54.A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret

55.A. sight B. order C. mind D. step

第三部分：（I）閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

【A】

It’s great fun to explore new places ? it feels like an adventure, even when you know you’re not the first to have been there. But make sure not to get lost or waste time going round in circles.

●Do the map reading if you’re being driven somewhere. It’ll be easier if you keep turning the map so it follows the direction you’re traveling in. keep looking ahead so that you can give the driver lots of warning before having to make a turn, or you’ll have to move to the back seat.

●Get a group of friends together and go exploring. You’ll need a good map, a compass (指南針) a raincoat, a cell phone to call for help in case you get lost, and a bit of spare cash for emergencies (應急現金). Tell someone where you’re going before you set out and let them know what time you expect to be back. The test is in not getting lost, not in seeing how fast you can go, so always stick together, waiting for slower friends to catch up.

●See if your school or a club organizes orienteering activities, in which you need a map and a compass to find your way. This can be done as a sport, with teams trying to find the way from A to B (and B to C etc) in the fastest time, or simply as spare?time activity. Either way, it’s not only good fun, but a great way to keep fit.

56．Sitting beside the driver, you should .

A．direct the driver when necessary

B．look ahead to see where there’s a turn

C．move to the back seat if feeling uncomfortable

D．keep looking at the map to find a place to go to

57．Why do you need to tell someone your exploration plan before setting out?

A．To get information when in danger.

B．To be saved in case of an accident.

C．To share the fun with him/her in exploration.

D．To tell him/her what’s going on with the group members.

58．Orienteering activities can .

A．make people work fast

B．help people stay healthy

C．help people organize other activities

D．make people get prepared for sports

【B】

Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.

Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.

It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

59．What is true about children when they play games?

A．They can stop playing any time they like.

B．They can test their personal abilities.

C．They want to pick a better team.

D．They don’t need rules.

60．To become a leader in a game the child has to .

A．play well

B．wait for his turn

C．be confident in himself

D．be popular among his playmates

61．Why does a child like playing games?

A．Because he can be someone other than himself.

B．Because he can become popular among friends.

C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games.

D．Because he likes the place where he plays a game.

62．The writer believes that .

A．children should make better rules for their games.

B．children should invite grown-ups to play with them.

C．children’s games can do them a lot of good

D．children play games without reasons

【C】

Most rain forests lie to the equator(赤道), where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine．The warmth of the land heats the air above, causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain．The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year．This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow, so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round．The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate．They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves．The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over the treetops like smoke．These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and night-time cold of nearby deserts, keeping temperatures fit for plant growth．

Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three months or more when little rain falls．Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon(雨季) begins．Thus these areas are known as the "monsoon forest"．

Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains．It is often called the "cloud forest" because clouds often hang over the trees like fog．

The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees．Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds．When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals' stomachs and are passed out in their droppings．The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees．

63．The climate of the rain forests near the equator is ________．

A．mild, wet and windy

B．hot, rainy and foggy

C．hot, wet and cloudy

D．warm, wet and sunny

64．We can learn from the passage that ________．

A．tree leaves are green all the time in the monsoon forest

B．there is a dry season in the cloud forest on tropical mountains

C．clouds help the plants in the rain forests near the deserts to grow

D．the formation of climate in the rain forest has little to do with the trees

65．According to the passage, ________ play the most important role in the spreading of seeds．

A．animals

B．droppings

C．fruits

D．winds

66．This passage is most likely to be found in _________．

A．a travel guide

B．a story book

C．a technical report

D．a geographical book

【D】

Indian’s snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers, who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes(笛子), used to be a traditional feature of Indian life, performing in towns and villages, until they were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.

The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas, as they are known, to visit schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders (不速之客).

“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can't earn a living for fear of arrest,” said Behar Dutt, a conservationist behind the plans, “if a policeman doesn’t catch them, animal rights activists report them.”

Many snake charmers have continued to work clandestinely since the ban, despite the threat of up to three years in prison. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets, hung from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders, make them an easy target for police.

The fate of Shisha Nath, 56, from Badarpur, a village just outside of Delhi, is typical of practitioners(從業者) of the dying art. “I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to school, "he said. "Now it's hard to earn even f, 1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s our identity. We love the work. But it s become impossible.

Next month Dutt’s project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune, western India, where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.

More than the law, though, it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countryman that angers many snake charmers.

"'We're disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house, they rush to us," said Prakash Nath, who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi, the Congress party leader.

67. According to the passage, snake charmers will be retrained as wildlife teachers mainly because______.

A. schools need large numbers of such teachers

B. most of them cannot support their families

C. their performances on the street are banned

D. the government plans to save the dying art

68. The purpose of the proposed "dial a snake charmer" telephone service is ______.

A. to give performance of snake dancing

B. to teach householders how to catch and kill snakes

C. to offer cleaning service to wealthy householders

D. to help remove unwanted snakes from the houses

69. The word "clandestinely" in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by the word "_______"

A. secretly

B. publicly

C. attentively

D. diligently

70. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Snake charmers can easily be recognized by the police on the street.

B. Children of snake charmers would not like to continue their fathers' job.

C. Snake charmers are quite angry with the attitude of their fellow countrymen.

D. The animal rights activists take a negative attitude towards snake charmers.

（II）任務型閱讀: （共10小題；滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當的單詞。每個空格一個單詞。

What do you usually use your cell-phone for? Calling friends or sending them text messages?

As technology develops, nowadays cell-phones can do much more than that. They have become an all-in-one device.

A typical example is Apple’s Phone. The touch-screen cell-phone plays music, connects to the Web, sends e-mail and takes photos. More than 1 million Apple’s Phones have been sold since it was launched in June.

“Today’s young people enjoy using all kinds of digital functions, such as those of a music player, a camera and even a computer, constantly. An all-in-one device is easy to carry. That is the goal of developing a technology to make our lives more convenient, simple and relaxed,” said Professor Ding Shouqian at Nankai University.

However, the all-in-one cell-phones come with some problems. Users have complained that they are too complicated to use, and that their battery life is too short. Cell-phone producers say that they are working hard to make their phones even better.

It’s very convenient to use it. “We are trying to make the cell-phones in a way that people can quickly move from phoning to taking pictures and listening to music,” said Alastair Curtis, Nokia’s chief designer. “If you look at the Nokia 3250 model, it has a twisting bottom. So you twist it half a turn, and it’s in camera mode. You twist it another 90 degrees, and the alpha-numeric(字母和數字的) keys have disappeared and the music keys are there.” Japanese companies such as Toshiba and Fujitsu are also working to develop a new battery for mobile phone.

If all the problems are solved in the future, all-in-one phones will change our lives for the better.

(71)___▲__

It can play music.

It is (72) ___▲____to the Web.

It can (73) ___▲____ e-mails.

It can also be used as a (74)____▲___.

（75）___▲___

It’s easy to carry.

It can make our lives more (76) ___▲___,simple and relaxing.

Problems

The cell-phones are not (77) ___▲___ to use.

Their battery doesn’t (78) ___▲___long.

Ways to solve the problems

Make it easy and (79) ___▲___to move from one mode to another.

The companies make better batteries that last(80)___▲___.

（請將本題答案寫在下一頁的指定位置！）

班級___________姓名____________________學號___________

任務型閱讀答案：

71. _________________ 72. _________________ 73. ________________ 74. ________________

75.__________________ 76. _________________ 77. __________________ 78. ________________

79. __________________ 80. _________________

第二卷（共25分）

第四部分：寫作（共三節，滿分25分）

第一節：單詞拼寫。正確理解句意并根據首字母或中文提示，拼寫出單詞的正確形式，每個空格一個單詞。（每空格1分，滿分10分）。

1. With people’s living standard being raised, more and more p___________________ cars are springing up in China.

2. He once a month goes to America to do trade with some companies there, for which reason he is called a

f __________________ visitor to the USA.

3. The KFC tasted so nice and delicious to mouth that it soon gained p__________________ across China.

4. They have had to p____________________ going to France to see their friend because their child is ill.

5. It seemed that the car had deliberately v___________________ the traffic regulations, which drew the attention of the police.

6. The number of thefts of ___________________ (車輛，運輸工具) has risen by a third in the last three years.

7. He has invested a lot of money in the stock market, and therefore he shows great concern about current ___________________ (事務，事情).

8. The tablets will work more ______________________ (有效地) if you take a hot drink after them.

9. Another team consisting of 11 members was sent to the earthquake stricken areas, including an ______________________(建筑師).

10. The strong smell of cigarette smoke _____________________ (確認) what he had said: there had been a meeting minutes before.

第二節書面表達（1題，滿分 15 分）

假如你叫Jack,你在自己的學校就“是否應該支持農民工進入城市”的問題進行了一次調查。下面是對部分學生調查的統計結果，請你參照該統計表給學校報刊寫一篇英文調查報告，并簡述你的觀點。

有利之處

1.外地民工積極參與城市各行各業的工作，為城市的發展做出了貢獻。

2.他們從事的大部分是又累又臟甚至是危險的工作，如清潔工、保姆、建筑工等等。

不利之處

1. 城市更加擁擠。

2. 亂扔垃圾，影響城市衛生。

3. 帶來了安全問題。

你的觀點

？

注意：1. 不要逐條翻譯，但可適當發揮。
2. 文章的格式已給出。
3. 單詞數：150左右。
4. 參考詞匯：1.農民工 migrant workers 2.當保姆 babysitting

Dear editor,

_______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Yours truly,

Jack

I. 聽力： 1―5 ABCAB 6--10 ABCBC 11―15 AABCA 16―20 CAAAB

II. 單項選擇： 21―25 CDBAD 26―30 BCDBA 31―35 ACCDB

III. 完形填空： 36―40 DACAD 41―45 CCACD 46―50 DABCA 51―55 BDABD

IV. 閱讀：【A】56―58 ABB 【B】59―62 ABAC 【C】63―66 DC AD 【D】67―70 DDAB

V. 任務型閱讀: 71. Functions 72. connected 73. deliver / send 74. camera 75. Advantages

76. convenient 77. easy 78. last 79. quick 80. longer

VI. 單詞拼寫： 1. affairs 2. frequent 3. popularity 4. postpone 5. private

6. vehicles 7. violated 8. efficiently 9. architect 10. confirmed

VII. 書面表達：

Dear editor,

Recently we’ve conducted a survey on whether to support migrant workers in their moving to cities. Here is a brief report about it.

On one hand, migrant workers do play a very important role in the development of cities. They are actively involved in various kinds of jobs. In particular, they just do jobs such as cleaning, babysitting, and building, which are usually tiring, dirty even dangerous to their health and life. But these jobs are necessary and basic.

On the other hand, with more and more migrant workers coming in, the city is becoming more and more crowded. Also, the transport is much busier than before. To make matters worse, some of them don’t pay much attention to the cleanness and like littering everywhere, making the streets very dirty. The worst of all is that some even turn thieves if they cannot find any suitable jobs.

As far as I’m concerned, migrant workers have made great contributions to the development of big cities. Without them, we won’t have so many high-rise buildings. But if they can be well educated, it will be better for all of us.

Yours truly,

Jack

試題詳情

丹陽高級中學08―09學年度第二學期高二年級期中考試

生物試卷 5.8

（考生注意：答案寫在答卷紙上）

試題詳情

丹陽高級中學08-09學年度第二學期高二年級期中考試

物理試題 5.8

試題詳情

丹陽高中08-09學年第二學期期中考試數學試題

高二年級 5.7

試題詳情

江蘇省丹陽高級中學2008―2009學年度高二年級期中考試

化學試卷 5.7

本測試卷分第Ⅰ部分（選擇題）和第Ⅱ部分（非選擇題），滿分為120分，考試時間90分鐘。

第Ⅰ卷（選擇題共 60 分）

試題詳情

2009年高考第二輪熱點專題訓練11--化學平衡的有關計算

（五年高考真題精練）

考點1 濃度與轉化率的計算

1．（08海南卷）X、Y、Z三種氣體，取X和Y按1：1的物質的量之比混合，放入密閉容器中發生如下反應：X+2Y2Z ，達到平衡后，測得混合氣體中反應物的總物質的量與生成物的總物質的量之比為3：2，則Y的轉化率最接近于（）

A．33% B．40% C．50% D．65%

2．（08廣東卷）將H₂(g)和Br₂(g)充入恒容密閉容器，恒溫下發生反應H₂（g）+Br₂(g) 2HBr（g）g平衡時Br₂(g)的轉化率為a；若初始條件相同，絕熱下進行上述反應，平衡時 Br₂(g)的轉化率為b。a與b的關系是（）

A．a＞b B．a=b C．a＜b D．無法確定

3．(07寧夏卷)一定條件下，合成氨反應達到平衡時，測得混合氣體中氨氣的體積分數為20.0%，與反應前的體積相比，反應后體積縮小的百分率是( )

A．16.7% B. 20.0% C. 80.0% D. 83.3%

4. (07江蘇卷)一定溫度下可逆反應：A(s)＋2B(g)2C(g)＋D(g)；DH＜0。現將1 mol A和2 mol B加入甲容器中，將4 mol C和2 mol D加入乙容器中，此時控制活塞P，使乙的容積為甲的2倍，t₁時兩容器內均達到平衡狀態(如圖1所示，隔板K不能移動)。下列說法正確的是( )

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

圖1 圖2 圖3

A．保持溫度和活塞位置不變，在甲中再加入1 mol A和2 mol B，達到新的平衡后，甲中C的濃度是乙中C的濃度的2倍

B．保持活塞位置不變，升高溫度，達到新的平衡后，甲、乙中B的體積分數均增大

C．保持溫度不變，移動活塞P，使乙的容積和甲相等，達到新的平衡后，乙中C的體積分數是甲中C的體積分數的2倍

D．保持溫度和乙中的壓強不變，t₂時分別向甲、乙中加入等質量的氦氣后，甲、乙中反應速率變化情況分別如圖2和圖3所示(t₁前的反應速率變化已省略)

5．（05廣東）對可逆反應4NH₃（g）＋5O₂（g）4NO（g）＋6H₂O（g），下列敘述正確的是

A．達到化學平衡時，4υ_正（O₂）＝5υ_逆（NO）

B．若單位時間內生成x mol NO的同時，消耗x mol NH₃，則反應達到平衡狀態

C．達到化學平衡時，若增加容器體積，則正反應速率減少，逆反應速率增大

D．化學反應速率關系是：2υ_正（NH₃）＝3υ_正（H₂O）

6.（04北京）在一定溫度下，一定體積的密閉容器中有如下平衡：

已知H₂和I₂的起始濃度均為0.1mol?L^-1時，達平衡時HI的濃度為0.16mol?L^-1。若H₂和I₂的起始濃度均變為0.2mol?L^-1，則平衡時H₂的濃度（mol?L^-1）是

A. 0.16 B. 0.08 C. 0.04 D. 0.02

7.（04理綜）某溫度下在密閉容器中發生如下反應：

6ec8aac122bd4f6e 2E（g）若開始時只充入2mol E（g），達平衡時，混合氣體的壓強比起始時增大了20%；若開始時只充入2mol M和1mol N 的混合氣體達平衡時M的轉化率為

A．20% B．40% C．60% D．80%

8.（04廣東）一定溫度下，反應2SO₂+O₂2SO₃，達到平衡時，n(SO₂):n(O₂):n(SO₃)=2:3:4。縮小體積，反應再次達到平衡時，n(O₂)=0.8 mol，n(SO₃)=1.4 mol，此時SO₂的物的量應是

A.0.4 mol B.0.6 mol C.0.8 mol D.1.2 mol

6ec8aac122bd4f6e 9.（04全國)恒溫下，將a mol N₂與b mol H₂的混合氣體通入一個固定容積的密閉容器中，發生如下反應： N₂ (g) + 3 H₂(g) 2NH₃(g)
⑴若反應達平衡時某時刻t時，n_t(N₂) = 13mol，n_t(NH₃) = 6mol，計算a的值
⑵反應達平衡時，混合氣體的體積為726.8L(標況下)，其中NH₃的含量(體積分數)為25%。計算平衡時NH₃的物質的量。
⑶原混合氣體與平衡混合氣體的總物質的量之比(寫出最簡整數比，下同)，

n(始)∶n(平) =      。
⑷原混合氣體中，a∶b =      。
⑸達到平衡時，N₂和H₂的轉化率之比，α(N₂)∶α (H₂)=      。
⑹平衡混合氣體中，n(N₂)∶n(H₂)∶n(NH₃) =      。

10．（08江蘇卷）將一定量的SO₂和含0.7mol氧氣的空氣（忽略CO₂）放入一定體積的密閉容器中，550℃時，在催化劑作用下發生反應：2SO₂+O₂ 2SO₃（正反應放熱）。反應達到平衡后，將容器中的混合氣體通過過量NaOH溶液，氣體體積減少了21.28L；再將剩余氣體通過焦性沒食子酸的堿性溶液吸收O₂，氣體的體積又減少了5.6L（以上氣體體積均為標準狀況下的體積）。（計算結果保留一位小數）

請回答下列問題：

(1）判斷該反應達到平衡狀態的標志是。（填字母）

a．SO₂和SO₃濃度相等 b．SO₂百分含量保持不變

c．容器中氣體的壓強不變 d．SO₃的生成速率與SO₂的消耗速率相等

e．容器中混合氣體的密度保持不變

(2）欲提高SO₂的轉化率，下列措施可行的是。（填字母）

a．向裝置中再充入N₂ b．向裝置中再充入O₂

c．改變反應的催化劑 d．生高溫度

(3）求該反應達到平衡時SO₂的轉化率（用百分數表示）。

(4）若將平衡混合氣體的5%通入過量的BaCl₂溶液，生成沉淀多少克？

考點 2 有關平衡常數的計算(新課標)

11．（08寧夏卷）將固體NH₄I置于密閉容器中，在一定溫度下發生下列反應：

①NH₄I(s)NH₃(g)＋HI(g)；②2HI(g)H₂(g)＋I₂(g)。

達到平衡時，c(H₂)＝0.5mol?L^－1，c(HI)＝4mol?L^－1，則此溫度下反應①的平衡常數為( )

A．9 B．16 C．20 D．25

12．（08山東卷）高溫下，某反應達平衡，平衡常數K=.恒容時，溫度升高，H₂濃度減小。下列說法正確的是（）

A.該反應的焓變為正值

B．恒溫恒容下，增大壓強，H₂濃度一定減小

C．升高溫度，逆反應速率減小

D．該反應化學方程式為CO+H₂O=CO₂+H₂

13．（08廣東卷）碘鎢燈比白熾燈使用壽命長。燈管內封存的少量碘與使用過程中沉積在管壁上的鎢可以發生反應：W（s）+I₂（g）WI₂ΔH＜0（溫度T₁＜T₂）。下列說法正確的是（）

A．燈管工作時，擴散到燈絲附近高溫區的WI₂（g）會分解出W₁W重新沉積到燈絲上

B．燈絲附近溫度越高，WI₂（g）的轉化率越低

C．該反應的平衡常數表達式是

D．利用該反應原理可以提純鎢

14．（08寧夏卷）

已知可逆反應：M(g)＋N(g)P(g)＋Q(g)；△H＞0，

請回答下列問題：

(1）在某溫度下，反應物的起始濃度分別為：c(M)= 1 mol?L^-1, c(N)=2.4 mol?L^-1，達到平衡后，M的轉化率為60％，此時N的轉化率為。

(2）若反應溫度升高，M的轉化率 (填“增大”“減小”或“不變”）。

(3）若反應溫度不變，反應物的起始濃度分別為：c(M)= 4 mol?L^-1,c(N)=amol?L^-1;達到平衡后，c(P)=2 mol?L^-1,a= 。

(4）若反應溫度不變，反應物的起始濃度為：c(M)=c(N)= bmol?L^-1，達到平衡后，M的轉化率為。

15．（08上海卷）在2L密閉容器中，800℃時反應2NO(g)＋O₂(g)2NO₂(g)體系中，n(NO)隨時間的變化如表：

(1)寫出該反應的平衡常數表達式：K＝___________________。

已知：K(300℃)＞K(350℃)，該反應是________熱反應。

(2)右圖中表示NO₂的變化的曲線是____________。

用O₂表示從0～2s內該反應的平均速率v＝___________。

(3)能說明該反應已經達到平衡狀態的是___________。

a、v(NO₂)=2v(O₂) b、容器內壓強保持不變

c、v逆(NO)＝2v正(O₂) d、容器內的密度保持不變

(4)為使該反應的反應速率增大，且平衡向正反應方向移動的是__________。

a、及時分離出NO₂氣體 b、適當升高溫度

c、增大O₂的濃度 d、選擇高效的催化劑

16．(07廣東卷)黃鐵礦(主要成分為FeS₂)是工業制取硫酸的重要原料，其煅燒產物為SO₂和Fe₃O₄。

(1)將0.050 mol SO₂(g)和0.030 mol O₂(g)放入容積為1 L的密閉容器中，反應2SO₂(g)＋O₂(g)2SO₃(g)在一定條件下達到平衡，測得c(SO₃)＝0.040 mol/L。計算該條件下反應的平衡常數K和SO₂的平衡轉化率(寫出計算過程)。

(2)已知上述反應是放熱反應，當該反應處于平衡狀態時，在體積不變的條件下，下列措施中有利于提高SO₂平衡轉化率的有 (填字母)

(A)升高溫度 (B)降低溫度 (C)增大壓強

(D)減小壓強 (E)加入催化劑 (G)移出氧氣

(3)SO₂尾氣用飽和Na₂SO₃溶液吸收可得到重要的化工原料，反應的化學方程式為_________________________________

_______________________________________。

(4)將黃鐵礦的煅燒產物Fe₃O₄溶于H₂SO₄后，加入鐵粉，可制備FeSO₄。酸溶過程中需保持溶液足夠酸性，其原因是__________________________________________________。

17．(07海南卷) PCl₅的熱分解反應為：PCl₅(g)PCl₃(g)＋Cl₂(g)

(1) 寫出反應的平衡常數表達式：

(2) 已知某溫度下，在容積為10.0 L的密閉容器中充入2.00 mol PCl₅，達到平衡后，測得容器內PCl₃的濃度為0.150 mol/L。計算該溫度下的平衡常數。

18．(07上海卷)一定條件下，在體積為3 L的密閉容器中，一氧化碳與氫氣反應生成甲醇(催化劑為Cu₂O/ZnO)：CO(g)＋2H₂(g)CH₃OH(g)

根據題意完成下列各題：

(1)反應達到平衡時，平衡常數表達式K＝，升高溫度，K值 (填“增大”、“減小”或“不變”)。

(2)在500 ℃，從反應開始到平衡，氫氣的平均反應速率v (H₂)＝。

(3)在其他條件不變的情況下，對處于E點的體系體積壓縮到原來的1/2，下列有關該體系的說法正確的是

a．氫氣的濃度減少 b．正反應速率加快，逆反應速率也加快

c．甲醇的物質的量增加 d．重新平衡時n(H₂)/n(CH₃OH)增大

(4)據研究，反應過程中起催化作用的為Cu₂O，反應體系中含少量CO₂有利于維持催化劑Cu₂O的量不變，原因是：_______________________________________(用化學方程式表示)。

19．(07寧夏卷)氮化硅是一種新型陶瓷材料，它可由石英與焦炭在高溫的氮氣流中，通過以下反應制得：_□SiO₂＋_□C＋_□N₂_□Si₃N₄＋_□CO

(1) 配平上述反應的化學方程式(將化學計量數填在方框內)；

(2)該反應中的氧化劑是__________，其還原產物是_____________。

(3)該反應的平衡常數表達式為K =_______________________；

(4)將知上述反應為放熱反應，則其反應熱DH________零(填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)；升高溫度，其平衡常數值________(填“增大”、“減小”或“不變”)；

(5)若使壓強增大，則上述平衡向_______反應方向移動(填“正”或“逆”)；

(6)若已知CO生成速率為v (CO) =18 mol/(L?min)，則N₂消耗速率為v (N₂) =__________mol/(L?min)。

20．(07山東卷)二氧化硫和氮的氧化物是常用的化工原料，但也是大氣的主要污染物。綜合治理其污染是環境化學當前的重要研究內容之一。

(1)硫酸生產中，SO₂催化氧化生成SO₃： 2SO₂(g)＋O₂(g)2SO₃(g)。某溫度下，SO₂的平衡轉化率()與體系總壓強(p)的關系如圖所示。根據圖示回答下列問題：

①將2.0 mol SO₂和1.0 mol O₂置于10 L密閉容器中，反應達平衡后，體系總壓強為0.10 MPa。該反應的平衡常數等于____________。

②平衡狀態由A變到B時，平衡常數K(A)_______K(B)(填“＞”、“＜”或“=”)。

(2)用CH₄催化還原NO_x可以消除氮氧化物的污染。例如：

CH₄(g)＋4NO₂(g) = 4NO(g)＋CO₂(g)＋2H₂O(g)；DH =－574 kJ/mol

CH₄(g)＋4NO(g) = 2N₂(g)＋CO₂(g)＋2H₂O(g)；DH =－1160 kJ/mol

若用標準狀況下4.48 L CH₄還原NO₂至N₂，整個過程中轉移的電子總數為_____________(阿伏加德羅常數的值用N_A表示)，放出的熱量為_________kJ。

(3)新型納米材料氧缺位鐵酸鹽(MFe₂O_x，3＜x＜4，M = Mn、Co、Zn或Ni)由鐵酸鹽(MFe₂O₄)經高溫還原而得，常溫下，它能使工業廢氣中的酸性氧化物分解除去。轉化流程如圖所示：

請寫出MFe₂O_x分解SO₂的化學方程式______________________________________(不必配平)。

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