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Mapping Your World

Different forms of maps are appearing. They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visiting, from the official to the unusual. Meanwhile, hi-tech developments are creating new ways for us to map the world. Here are two of our favorites:

Green Maps

Green Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly places and attractions in the local areas. Users add information with a set of icons (圖標), making it easy to read any map, whatever the nationalities of those who produce it. At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries. Green Maps’ advertised idea is “think global, map local”. It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of a place, ranging from community garden to good places of bird watching.

Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers. Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with producers through the Green Maps website.

Maps Mashups

Many people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them. Working in a similar way to Green Maps, Maps Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to existing（現存的） maps to express a certain topic. The mashups is so called because it combines（結合）all the knowledge you could ever need. It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all the World Heritage Site are, to the most bizarre (古怪的)，such as where America’s drunkest cities are. With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi-layered (多層的) map can be created.

64. According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of Green Maps?

A. Aiming at environmental protection.    

B. Offering advice to independent travelers.

C. Introducing local attractions with icons. 

D. Collecting icons worldwide for local maps.

65. Which of the following icons is most probably NOT used in Green Maps?

66. Map Mashups is named with the word “mashups” because________________.       

A. it is produced by users all over the world  

B. it is a branch（分支）of Google Maps

C. it shares icons with Green Maps         

D. it gathers various kinds of information

67. What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common?

A. They are created by local people.        

B. They are environmentally friendly.

C. Users need to communicate with producers.

D. Users can edit (編輯) maps on the Internet.

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. When learning that a nobleman（貴族) had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the value of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫學家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune （免疫）system. And the latter position is gaining some ground（根據）.

60. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because 　　　.

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

B. they believed disease could be spread in public baths.

C. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in.

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease.

61. Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

A. Uninterested.　　 B. Curious.　　　 C. Supportive.　　 D. Afraid.

62. How does the passage mainly develop?

A. By providing examples.　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. By following the order of time.

C. By making comparisons.　　　　　　　　　　　 D. By following the order of importance.

63. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To stress the role of dirt.　　　　　　　　　　　 B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To show the change of views on dirt.　　 　 D. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

I love my blackberry—it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me . I also love my laptop computer, as it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices（設備） and truly communicate with others.

On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom. I have a rule —no laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.

Most students think that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students think that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.

The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations（交談）and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions（打斷）by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion.

I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations（評價） show student satisfaction with the environment that I create .Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.

I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.

56.Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with__________.

A. the author’s class rules     B. others’ misuse（濫用） of technology

C. discussion topics               D. the course material

57.The underlined word “engage ”in para.4 probably means __________.

A. explore          B. change          C. accept          D. refuse

58.According to the author ,the use of technology in the classroom may __________.

A. encourage students to have in-depth conversations

B. affect students’ concentration（專心）on course evaluation

C. help students to better understand complex topics

D. keep students from doing independent thinking

59.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author ___________.

A. is quite stubborn                                                

B. will give up teaching history

C. values technology-free dialogues in his class         

D. will change his teaching plan soon

Isn’t it amazing how one person, sharing one idea, at the right time and place can change the course of your life’s history? This is what happened in my 36 .

When I was 14, I left school and was journeying first in California and then in Hawaii. 37 reaching El Paso, I met an old man, a beggar, on the street corner, who 38 me and asked if I was 39 away from home because I looked so　 40　 .

After 41 for a few minutes, the 42 beggar told me to follow him. He told me that he had something good to 43 with me. We walked a couple of blocks until we came to a library, where the beggar first　 44 me to a table and asked me to wait for a moment 45 he looked for something special among the shelves. A few moments later, he 46 with a couple of old books under his arms, and then started with a few statements (說法)that were very 47 and that changed my life. He said, “There are two things that I want to 48 you.”

“Number one is never to judge a book by its cover, for a cover can 49 you. Well, young man, I’ve got a little 50 for you. I am one of the wealthiest men in the world. But a year ago, my wife 51 away. I realized there were certain things I had not yet 52 in life, one of which is to live like a beggar on the streets. So, you see, don’t ever judge a book by its cover.”

“Number two is to learn how to 53 , my boy. For there is only one thing that people can’t take away from you, and that is your wisdom(知識, 智慧).” At that moment, he showed me the 54 of Plato and Aristotle —immortal(不朽的) classics from ancient times.

The beggar then led me back on the streets near where we 55 met. His parting request was for me never to forget what he taught me.

36. A. case　　　　　　　　　 B. time　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. journey　　　　　　　　　　 D. life

37. A. Toward　　　　　　　 B. In　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. On　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. As

38. A. remembered　　　　 B. stopped　　　　　　　　　　 C. searched　　　　　　　　　 D. begged

39. A. driving　　　　　　　 B. holidaying　　　　　　　　 C. keeping　　　　　　　　　　 D. running

40. A. tired　　　　　　　　　 B. young　　　　　　　　　　　 C. old　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. familiar

41. A. chatting　　　　　　　 B. checking　　　　　　　　　 C. drinking　　　　　　　　　 D. expressing

42. A. friendly　　　　　　　 B. strange　　　　　　　　　　 C. hungry　　　　　　　　　　 D. curious

43. A. charge　　　　　　　　 B. change　　　　　　　　　　 C. share D. communicate

44. A. led　　　　　　　　　　 B. sent　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. pushed　　　　　　　　　　 D. ordered

45. A. unless　　　　　　　　 B. though　　　　　　　　　　 C. while　　　　　　　　　　　 D. since

46. A. went　　　　　　　　　 B. held　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. returned　　　　　　　　　 D. carried

47 A. common　　　　　　　 B. special　　　　　　　　　　 C. interesting　　　　　　　　 D. attractive

48. A. teach　　　　　　　　　 B. order　　　　　　　　　　　 C. advise　　　　　　　　　　　 D. request

49. A. attract　　　　　　　　 B. upset　　　　　　　　　　　 C. interest　　　　　　　　　　 D. fool

50. A. disappointment　　 B. joy　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. surprise　　　　　　　　　 D. excitement

51. A. walked　　　　　　　 B. passed　　　　　　　　　　 C. drove　　　　　　　　　　　 D. gave

52. A. heard　　　　　　　　 B. seen　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. experienced　　　　　　　 D. witnessed

53. A. work　　　　　　　　　 B. live　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. write　　　　　　　　　　　 D. read

54. A. writings　　　　　　　 B. poems　　　　　　　　　　 C. novels　　　　　　　　　　 D. stories

55. A. early　　　　　　　　　 B. once　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. already　　　　　　　　　　 D. first

 It was _______ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry.

       A. when; then        B. not; until            C. not until; that            D. only; when

 Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter.

A. because         B. so that            C. even if         D. as 

Sam _____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.

   A. brought up     B. looked up      C. picked up      D. set up

 —What do you think of store shopping in the future?

—_______, I think it will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced.

A. To sum up               B. Anyway     C. Personally speaking  D. Generally speaking

Wild animals have been overhunted, and as ____ result, some of them are among the animals in ______danger.

A. a; the                B. a; /                           C. the; a               D. / ; the

 Although not happening on a (an) ______ basis, Fuzhou does sometimes experience bad

weather.  

A. regular           B. active                     C. distant              D. fierce