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Lacking the formal __________(引導(dǎo))of a teacher, he relied on videos and recordings.

guidance/instruction/direction

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

At dawn on Friday, May 19, 1780, farmers in New England stopped to wonder at the pink color of the sun. By noon the sky had darkened to midnight blackness, causing Americans, still in the painful struggle of a prolonged war of independence, to light candles and tremble at thoughts of the Last Judgment. As the birds quieted and no storm accompanied the darkness, men and women crowded into churches, where one minister commented that “The people were very attentive.” John Greenleaf Whittier later wrote that “Men prayed, and women wept; all ears grew sharp . . .”

A recent study of researchers, led by Richard Guyette from the University of Missouri’s Tree Ring Laboratory, has shown that vast forest fires in the Algonquin Highlands of southern Ontario and elsewhere in Canada brought this event upon New England. The scientists have discovered “fire scars” on the rings for that year, left when the heat of a wildfire has killed a part of a tree’s cambium (形成層). Evidence collected also points to a drought that year. An easterly wind and low barometric pressure (低氣壓) helped force smoke into the upper atmosphere. “The record fits pretty close,” says Guyette. “We had the right fuel, the drought. The conditions were all there.”

Lacking the ability to communicate quickly over long distances, Americans in 1780 remained in the dark about the event, which had disappeared by the next day. Over the next several months, the papers carried heated debates about what brought the darkness. Some were the voices of angry prediction, such as one Massachusetts farmer who wrote, “Oh! Backsliding New-England, attend now to the things which belong to your peace before they are forever hid from your eyes.” Others gave different answers. One stated that a “flaming star” had passed between the earth and the sun. Ash, argued another commentator. The debate, carried on throughout New England, where there were no scientific journals or academies yet, reflected an unfolding culture of scientific enquiry already sweeping the Western world, a revolution nearly as influential as the war for independence from the English.

New Englanders would not soon forget that dark day; it lived on in folklore, poems, and sermons for generations.

New Englanders crowded into churches because they were frightened by .

A. the pink color of the sun

B. the darkened sky at daytime

C. the Last Judgment on Friday

D. the American War of Independence

What can we infer about the event in New England on May 19, 1780?

A. Prayers remained silent and attentive.

B. Night birds no longer came out to sing.

C. People’s ears became sharper than usual.

D. Midday meals were served by candlelight.

According to the researchers, the origin of the event was .

A. an east wind

B. a severe drought

C. some burning fuel

D. low barometric pressure

What can we know about the debates after the dark day?

A. They focused on causes of the event.

B. They swept throughout the Western world.

C. They were organized by scientific institutions.

D. They improved Americans’ ability to communicate.

What can be the best title for the text?

A. New England’s dark day.

B. Voices of angry prediction.

C. There is no smoke without fire.

D. Tree rings and scientific discovery.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆江蘇省鹽城市明達(dá)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期學(xué)情調(diào)研考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What’s to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive (自我毀滅的) acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.
According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.
Think back to the time you took your very first sip (啜飲) of beer. Disgusting, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (誘惑) you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.
Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (諷刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.
These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.
【小題1】What do most people think causes bad behavior?

A．Being forced by others.	B．Enjoying their first experiences.
C．Not having enough will power.	D．Following the examples of their friends.

【小題2】The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ____.

A．will power helps develop bad habits sometimes

B．drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers

C．self-control should be developed when one is young

D．everyone can be challenged by different temptations

【小題3】In the last paragraph, the author stresses that ____.

A．without self-control, no one can succeed

B．a(chǎn)pplying self-control correctly is important

C．bad habits don’t always lead to bad results.

D．people can develop wisdom from bad behavior

【小題4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．My First Sip of Beer	B．Do You Have Will Power ?
C．Will Power Benefits Us	D．Dark Side of Self-control

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆四川省綿陽市南山中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What’s to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.
According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.
Think back to the time you took your very first sip (啜飲) of beer. Disgusting, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (誘惑) you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.
Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (諷刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.
These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.
【小題1】What do most people think causes bad behavior?

A．Being forced by others.	B．Not having enough will power.
C．Enjoying their first experiences.	D．Following the examples of their friends.

【小題2】The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ____.

A．will power helps develop bad habits sometimes

B．drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers

C．self-control should be developed when one is young

D．everyone can be challenged by different temptations

【小題3】In the last paragraph, the author stresses that ____.

A．without self-control, no one can succeed

B．bad habits don’t always lead to bad results

C．a(chǎn)pplying self-control correctly is important

D．people can develop wisdom from bad behavior

【小題4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．My First Sip of Beer	B．Do You Have Will Power ?
C．Does Will Power Benefit Us?	D．Dark Side of Self-control

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年浙江省高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.

Think back to the time you took your very first taste of beer. Feeling sick, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first try of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (attraction) that you need your will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.

Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (諷刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to such experiences, can ever someday come to develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, just in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.

These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.

1.What do most people think causes bad behavior?

A．Being forced by others.

B．Not having enough will power.

C．Enjoying their first experiences.

D．Following the examples of their friends.

2. The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ______.

A．will power helps develop bad habits sometimes

B．drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers

C．self-control should be developed when one is young

D．everyone can be challenged by different temptations

3.In the last paragraph, the author stresses (強(qiáng)調(diào)) that ______.

A．without self-control, no one can succeed

B．bad habits don’t always lead to bad results

C．a(chǎn)pplying self-control correctly is important

D．people can develop wisdom from bad behavior

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．My First Taste of Beer	B．Do You Have Will Power?
C．Will Power Benefits Us	D．Dark Side of Self-control

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

People who put a smiley face at the end of a message, in an attempt to show feeling, show no feeling. I wish there was a symbol for two fingers in the air.
I had some bad news this week. My manager informed me of this news via email. It was like hearing about the death of a loved one via pigeon. Bad news should only ever be delivered face to face or voice to voice.
We seem to celebrate our numerous methods of communication, but really there is no communication at all. I talk to my plants more than I talk to my neighbors, I get text messages that take me three hours to read because they’re written like this: “Hi, I ope you av a gr8 day. Call me La8tr.” I had an email from someone this week that read, “Da ut ov 2day are really annoying me!” Ut? I had to say this 20 times before I understood it. Youth has now become ut. Haven’t we taken enough from them—now we have to take their letters?
I had an email recently from a girl who used to live over the road from me as a child. She wrote, “Hi Shazia, howz u? Im sure u used 2 live across the road from me. We sumtimes played tennis 2 gever at the park and you was in your eliment. I am married now wif 3 daughters.” Then, to my horror, she ended the email with: “Im now teachin in Leeds. Luv Clare.”
Teaching? With English like this. It’s like saying you’re a train driver when you’ve never seen a train. It was like reading modern Morse code.
Getting bad news via email makes it seem so much worse than it actually is. Just a few lines, no emotion, no comfort, not really an explanation. Just a few cold hard words. It’s an excuse. Just write a few words and the problem of delivering it is no longer yours. A close friend recently told me she was very happy to announce she was getting married—and made the announcement by email. I don’t know how she didn’t fall off her chair with excitement while writing it. If you are really happy or really sad to announce something important, wouldn’t you like a human reaction? Some euphoria, elation, tears, a punch in the face?
I receive long text messages every day with information and explanations that I don’t bother reading. They’re boring, and annoy me. In the time it took someone to write me three laborious texts, they could have called, spoken to me, made some tea. People who put a smiley face at the end of a sentence, in an attempt to show feeling, show no feeling. I wish there was a symbol for two fingers in the air, because that’s the one I’d send back.
The telegram has been responsible for reporting world-shattering events when there were very few other options(選擇權(quán)). Now we have options, and people opt for the least humane one. My mum, in an attempt to get down with the ut of today, asked me to teach her to text. Now she constantly texts me in block capitals, so it looks as if she is still angry and annoyed with me after all these years.
People don’t even write by hand any more. My doctor prints out prescriptions from his computer; even my mechanic prints out a receipt. I get typed Christmas cards and my friends send me emails. I get very excited when hand-written letters come through my door, only because they rarely do.
When I was at school, the girls used to write letters to each other, even though we sat side by side and spoke to one another all day. I think it was a way of expressing private things we were afraid to say when we were 14 and too shy. We used to write things like, “You are my best friend, can’t wait to sit next to you in math.”
I miss the personal method of communication. Once the pen was mightier than the sword, now it seems the keyboard is mightier than the pen.

1.
We can learn from paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 that the writer wants to say ________.
1. A.
  the spelling mistakes in the messages make her very annoyed
2. B.
  only writing letters will bring friends and neighbors much closer
3. C.
  she talks to plants more because no one shares her joys and sorrows
4. D.
  gestures and the pen can express a lot more than the cold keyboard
2.
According to the writer, which of the following can support her opinion?
1. A.
  She has been separated from all his classmates many years.
2. B.
  No doctors write prescriptions by hand because of computers.
3. C.
  In communication, we should write more letters than send messages.
4. D.
  Less shy than school girls, boys rarely write letters to their friends.
3.
According to the passage, we can conclude that ________.
1. A.
  the writer is a person full of emotions and treasures friendship and affections
2. B.
  the writer becomes excited when she gets priceless gifts from other people
3. C.
  her classmates would write to each other because they couldn’t send messages
4. D.
  people put a smiley face at the end of a message just to show they are happy
4.
What message is conveyed in the passage?
1. A.
  The writer wastes much time in reading many rubbish text messages every day.
2. B.
  Few people can write letters well in modern society owing to texting messages.
3. C.
  Now people are too busy to communicate with each other face to face often.
4. D.
  The writer prefers personal communication rather than electronic equipment.
5.
Why does the writer mention the telegram?
1. A.
  Because she thinks the annoyance of reading text messages is originated from it.
2. B.
  Because we have more options to keep in touch with each other than ever before.
3. C.
  Because advanced technology partly takes the blame for lacking the human touch.
4. D.
  Because she thinks humans today become colder with the development of society.
6.
Which of the following best describe the tone of this passage?
1. A.
  Optimistic.
2. B.
  Critic.
3. C.
  Sympathetic.
4. D.
  Pessimistic.

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We can learn from paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 that the writer wants to say ________.

According to the writer, which of the following can support her opinion?

According to the passage, we can conclude that ________.

What message is conveyed in the passage?

Why does the writer mention the telegram?

Which of the following best describe the tone of this passage?