Question

Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.

Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it's calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation(通貨膨脹) is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total demand.

There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long- term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.

Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.

In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would Block airflows' natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.

For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without resulting in any environmental damage is impossible.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Pollution caused by plant construction

B．Effects of windmills on the environment

C．Economic growth and human civilization

D．Economic growth and environmental damage

2.According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that ____.

A．economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP

B．use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment

C．industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment

D．a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy

3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP (Central Point)     P (Point)      Sp (Sub-point次要點)    C (Conclusion)

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.C

3.B

【解析】

試題分析：本文論述了開始時人們覺得需要一些初級的東西,如一片面包和一個棲身之所,但隨著時間的推移人們也有要各種設施和奢侈品的愿望。提供人類這些東西就關系到使用自然資源,這就需要能量。反過來,人們開發了常能源，發展了經濟卻造成了污染,所以經濟增長幾乎是不可避免地與環境破壞有關。

1.主旨大意題。根據全文的內容來看主要是論述的經濟的增長和環境的破壞之間的關系，故選D。

2.作者觀點題。根據These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long- term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming. 工業生產可能會導致對環境的破壞，故選C。

3.細節理解題。根據全文的結構總說—兩個分論點—其中的一個有闡述了三個方面---結論，故選B。

考點：經濟類短文閱讀。

點評：做此類題目時，首先要搞清是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。