Question

If your dog looks pleased to see you – it is probably because it loves the particular way you smell.
The odour of a familiar human apparently lingers like perfume in the animal’s brain – where it triggers an instinctive emotional response, research published yesterday reveals.
Our scent acts on a part of the canine brain associated with reward and the strongest reactions are produced by humans that pets know best, say scientists in America.
Gregory Berns, of Emory University in Atlanta, said: ‘While we might expect that dogs should be highly tuned to the smell of other dogs, it seems that the “reward response” is reserved for their humans.
'When humans smell the perfume or cologne of someone they love, they may have an immediate, emotional reaction that's not necessarily cognitive.
'Our experiment may be showing the same process in dogs. But since dogs are so much more olfactory(嗅覺的) than humans, their responses would likely be even more powerful than the ones we might have.
'It's one thing when you come home and your dog sees you and jumps on you and licks you and knows that good things are about to happen.
'In our experiment, however, the scent donors were not physically present.
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'That means the canine brain responses were being triggered by something distant in space and time. It shows that dogs' brains have these mental representations of us that persist when we're not there.'
The university’s experiment - the first of its type - involved 12 dogs of various breeds who underwent brain scans while five different scents were placed in front of them.
The scent samples came from the subject itself, a dog the subject had never met, a dog that lived in the subject's household, a human the dog had never met, and a human that lived in the subject's household.
The familiar human scent samples were taken from someone else from the house other than the handlers during the experiment, so that none of the scent donors were physically present.
The results showed that all five scents elicited a similar response in parts of the dogs' brains involved in detecting smells. Responses were significantly stronger for the scents of familiar humans, followed by that of familiar dogs.
The findings, which were published in the journal Behavioural Processes, showed that dogs reacted strongest to the scent of a familiar human even when they were not there.
Pets trained as help or therapy dogs showed greater brain activity than the other dogs in the test.
Researchers say the findings could improve the way animals who assist wounded veterans or disabled people are selected.
小題1:Why does your dog look pleased to see you ?

A．because your dog wants to play with you

B．because your dog is hungry

C．because your dog wants to attract your attention

D．because your dog loves the particular way you smell.

小題2:What’s the purpose of Emory university’s experiment ?

A．To study dog’s reaction while five different scents were placed in front of them.

B．To learn how to get along well with dogs

C．To know how to tell the difference between dogs

D．To improve the way animals who assist wounded veterans or disabled people are selected.

小題3:According to the passage, a dog will be most interested in____.

A．familiar dogs

B．a human the dog had never met

C．a dog the dog had never met

D．familiar humans

小題4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．The dog’s olfactory responses would likely be even more powerful than the ones we might have.

B．In our experiment, the scent donors were physically present.

C．Dogs reacted strongest to the scent of a familiar human even when they were there.

D．Dog’s brain responses were not being triggered(引發) by something distant in space and time.

Answer 1

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:A

試題分析：本文介紹了嗅覺記憶能觸發動物喜怒哀樂。
小題1:細節題：根據If your dog looks pleased to see you – it is probably because it loves the particular way you smell.可知你的狗很高興看到你是為因為它喜歡你散發出的獨特氣味。故選D。
小題2:細節題：根據The university’s experiment - the first of its type - involved 12 dogs of various breeds who underwent brain scans while five different scents were placed in front of them.可知埃默里大學這項實驗的目的是研究狗對五種氣味的反應有何不同。故選A。
小題3:細節題：根據The results showed that all five scents elicited a similar response in parts of the dogs' brains involved in detecting smells. Responses were significantly stronger for the scents of familiar humans, followed by that of familiar dogs.可知實驗結果顯示，狗腦內負責嗅覺的區域對這五種氣味都產生了類似的反應。對于熟人的反應尤其強烈，對于熟悉的狗次之。故選D。
小題4:考查細節理解。根據文章第六段中的But since dogs are so much more olfactory(嗅覺的) than humans, their responses would likely be even more powerful than the ones we might have.可知，狗的嗅覺比我們人的嗅覺靈敏。故選A。