Question

Dogs can know the meaning of a human perspective, say researchers.
Dogs are more capable of understanding situations from a human's point of view than has previously been recognized, according to researchers.
They found dogs were four times more likely to steal food they had been forbidden, when lights were turned off so humans in the room could not see.
This suggested the dogs were able to alter their behavior when they knew their owners' perspective had changed.
The study, published in Animal Cognition, conducted tests on eighty-four dogs.
The experiments had been trying to find whether dogs could make their behavior suitable to react to the changed circumstances of their human owners. It wanted to see if dogs had a "flexible understanding" that could show they understood the viewpoint of a human.
It found that when the lights were turned off, dogs in a room with their human owners were much more likely to disobey and steal forbidden food.
The study says it is "unlikely that the dogs simply forgot that the human was in the room" when there was no light. Instead it seems as though the dogs were able to differentiate between when the human was unable or able to see them.
Juliane Kaminski carried out the research into how dogs are influenced by human circumstances.
Dr Juliane Kaminski, from the University of Portsmouth's psychology department, said the study was "incredible because it implies dogs understand the human can't see them, meaning they might understand the human perspective".
Previous studies have suggested that although humans might think that they can recognize different expressions on their dogs' faces, this is often inaccurate and a projection of human emotions.
“Humans constantly attribute(歸屬) certain qualities and emotions to other living things. We know that our own dog is clever or sensitive, but that's us thinking, not them,” said Dr Kaminski.
“These results suggest humans might be right, where dogs are concerned, but we still can't be completely sure if the results mean dogs have a truly flexible understanding of the mind and others' minds. It has always been assumed only humans had this ability.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．The researchers made the test on dogs in eighty-four countries.

B．Dogs always obey and don’t steal forbidden food.

C．Dogs may adapt their behavior in response to the changed circumstances.

D．The research is carried out to find out how dogs are influenced by light.

小題2:Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A．Dogs---Our Loyal Companions Understand Us Most.

B．Dogs Are Our Best Friends.

C．Dogs Can Understand Us In a Way, Researchers Say.

D．Dogs Have Certain Qualities and Emotions of Human Beings, Researchers Say.

小題3:Where can we probably read this kind of articles?

A．Textbooks.

B．Advertisements.

C．Instructions.

D．Magazines.

小題4:This passage can be classified as     .

A．an argumentative writing	B．a feature story
C．a dog show review	D．a research result

Answer 1

小題1:C
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析：這篇文章是一項調查結果：通過多年的研究，研究人員發現狗能夠理解人的看法，可以調整它們的行為來適應改變的環境。
小題1:細節題：從第二段的句子：Dogs are more capable of understanding situations from a human's point of view than has previously been recognized, according to researchers. 可知狗能夠調整它們的行為來適應改變的環境，選C
小題2:標題題：從第一段的句子：Dogs can know the meaning of a human perspective, say researchers. 可知研究人員說，狗能夠理解人的看法，所以. Dogs Can Understand Us In a Way, Researchers Say是最好的標題。選C
小題3:文章出處題：這是一項最新的調查研究，應該出現在時效性很強的雜志上，不是理論的課本，也不是廣告，更不是說明書，選D
小題4:文章多處提到resaech/researcher還有最后一句話：“These results suggest humans might be right,可知這是一項調查結果。選D