Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮) and pumping（向---送出） blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart."
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. So our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see - and guide whether we see fear."
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear. "We have found an important
mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear," Dr Garfinkel said.
"We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder."
小題1:What is the finding of the study?
| A．fear has something to do with one's health. |
| B．fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat. |
| C．One's heart affects how he feels fear. |
| D．One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear. |
小題2:When are people more likely to feel a sense of fear ?
| A．When the heartbeat is relaxed. |
| B．When their hearts are contracting. |
| C．When people are tired. |
| D．When people are happy. |
小題3:The study was carried out by analyzing （分析）_______.
| A．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions |
| B．volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures |
| C．volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data form their brain scans |
| D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication |
小題4:Which of the following is closest in meaning to "mechanism" in Paragraph 6?
| A．Order. | B．Machine. | C．Treatment. | D．System. |
小題5:This study may be useful to _______.
| A．treating anxiety and stress better |
| B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety |
| C．finding the sky to the heart-brain communication |
| D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads |
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Great scientists before us didn’t get everything from school. Their teachers only showed them the way. Edison didn’t even finish primary school. But they were all so successful. They invented so many things for mankind. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. They read books that were not taught at school. They would ask many questions as they read. They did thousands of experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Above all, they knew how to use their brain.
