It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize(識別) their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010.
Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either
siblings or strangers.
When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response(反應)suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough.
When jewelweed seedlings(幼苗)were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone – but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.
According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach – where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots.
Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water – so when they’re threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves.
小題1: What does the underlined word
siblings mean?
| A．Flowers come from foreign countries. |
| B．Plants growing in different environments. |
| C．Flowers planted with lots of strangers. |
| D．Plants that are the same kind. |
小題2: In the text, the writer mentioned the experiments of Jewelweeds to
.
| A．make a comparison | B．introduce a topic |
| C．describe a pretty flower | D．build a new theory |
小題3: According to the passage, flowers planted alone will
.
| A．grow more leaves than those planted in groups |
| B．become taller than those with more branches |
| C．grow fewer leaves than those planted with strangers |
| D．become ill easily because they can’t get enough shade |
小題4: What can be the best title for the passage?
| A．New Discoveries about Plants |
| B．How Plants Compete with Each Other |
| C．Family Recognition among Plants |
| D．Jewelweeds and the Great Lakes Sea Rockets |
