In the Caucasus region（高加索地區）, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Caucasus people aren’t alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilcabambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long life too.
These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasus people aged 110-140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60.
What accounts for this ability to survive (live) to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They began their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam is 142 years of age. He remembers his life experience: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Rustam has no plan of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, he’s slowed down a bit. Now he might quit (stop working) for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.
All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations（海拔）of 5,000 to 12, 000 feet(1,660 to 4,000meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel（血管）system stronger.
Another factor（因素）that may lead to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressure（壓力）and worries of industrial society.
Inherited（遺傳的） factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived peoples had parents and grandparents who also reached very old age. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
Finally, although these three groups don’t eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. All of them eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.
It is clear that isolation from urban pressure and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all lead to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.
【小題1】 What is the main idea of this article?
| A．Cause and effect of long-lived life. |
| B．People in the world enjoying a longer life. |
| C．Factors leading to the health and long life of people. |
| D．A description of several societies where people living a long life. |
| A．they don’t care much about their age |
| B．they have no idea of how old they are |
| C．they won’t say anything about their age until they are asked to |
| D．the idea of getting old has never come into their mind |
| A．He is much impressed with them. |
| B．He doesn’t care a bit about them. |
| C．He hopes that they will live a still longer life. |
| D．He doesn’t think their life is full of pressure and worries. |
【小題1】C
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
解析試題分析：這篇文章講了一些生存在世界上的長壽人以及他們的生活環境，生活方式還有飲食習慣。
【小題1】主旨題。根據全文大意可知，這篇文章在說影響人們健康和長壽的因素。故選C
【小題2】細節推斷題。由第二段Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60. 當他們的被問到什么年齡代表著青年的結束。他們大多沒有概念，由幾個人回答道，“或許到80歲吧”。最少也到60歲吧。由此可以推斷出“The idea of aging is foreign to them”的意思是“他們從來沒有過變老的這種想法”。故選D
【小題3】推斷題。由全文大意可以推斷出，這些長壽人給作者留下非常深刻的印象，可排除B,C,D。故選A
考點：人生百味類說明文
點評：本文圍繞長壽這一主題，講述了相關的長壽地區，因素。主旨題需要學生在每篇文章的總起段落進行找答案，或是第一段或是最后一段。推斷題，學生可以結合題目所在的文章相對應地方的前一段或是后一段進行理解，結合選項利用排除可以作答。
手拉手全優練考卷系列答案科目：初中英語 來源：2011年初中畢業升學考試（山東東營卷）英語（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
A blind schoolgirl has become the youngest interpreter (口譯員) when she is only ten years.
Alexia Sloane is from Cambridge. She was told by the doctor she had a brain tumor (腦癌) when she was on holiday "with her parents in France. After that the two-year-old girl became blind.
Though the little girl can't see anything, she has great talent for languages and at the age of 10 she is already fluent (流利的) in English, French, Spanish and Chinese-and is learning German.
Now her dream of working as an interpreter has come true. East of England MEP (歐盟議員) Robert Sturdy invited her to the European Parliament (議會). "Usually a person who enters the European Parliament should be 14 at least. So it was amazing for Alexia to work there at the age of 10. " said Alexia's mother Isabelle. Alexia can speak three languages since birth. As her mum is hah" French and half Spanish and her dad Richard is English. " She has always been very good at languages and shown an interest from a very young age. " added Isabelle, who also has a four-year-old daughter Melissa.
Alexia has dreamed of becoming an interpreter since she was six and chose to go to the European Parliament as her prize when she won the Young Achiever Community Award of the Year (年度青年成就獎). She asked if she could learn from the interpreters and HEP Robert Sturdy agreed to take her along as his guest. " It was fantastic and I decided to become an interpreter, "said Alexia. "Nothing can stop me. "
【小題1】How old is the youngest interpreter according to the passage?
| A．4. | B．6. | C．10. | D．14. |
| A．When she was born. |
| B．After she had a brain tumor. |
| C．After she became an interpreter. |
| D．When she was on holiday with her parents. |
| A．Richard. | B．Isabelle. | C．Melissa. | D．Robert Sturdy. |
| A．She can speak five language fluently. |
| B．She is a talented language learner. |
| C．She is the only child in the family. |
| D．She went to France on holiday after she won the award. |
| A．Never give up. |
| B．Believe in yourself. |
| C．Nothing is impossible. |
| D．Failure is the mother of success. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012屆湖北省南漳縣中考適應性考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Could you be a genius like Einstein? A genius needs to learn and think. Reading is a good idea, but it is not enough. Einstein’s advice is to use your brain more. Here are some tips:
l Ask. When you look at new things, ask why they are new or different. Ask more questions. Ask yourself and others. Keep thinking until you find the answers.
l Draw. Einstein thought in pictures. Sometimes, it helps to draw problems and ideas.
l Read. Try to read new things. Read books from different parts of the library. After you read, think about the ideas you have learned. Are they different from what you thought?
l Relax. Many ideas come when you are relaxed. Take some time to relax yourself in the ways like taking a walk in a park, going to a concert or a museum.
l Write. Keep a diary. Write down your questions and ideas. Write down new ideas after you read.
l Share. Einstein used to talk to his friends and explain his ideas. Sometimes, a friend can help you find the answer to a problem.
l Be brave. Do not let other people say your ideas are silly. Explain yourself. Let other people explain why they think you are wrong. Then decide.
【小題1】What can we do to relax ourselves according to the passage?
| A．Keeping a diary. |
| B．asking questions. |
| C．Taking a walk. |
| D．Reading mew things. |
| A．discuss the ideas with others |
| B．draw problems and ideas |
| C．go to a museum with others |
| D．write down your ideas |
| A．A genius needs to learn and think. |
| B．We should find the answers all by ourselves. |
| C．Einstein’s advice is to use our brain more. |
| D．Einstein liked to talk to his friends and explain his ideas. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012-2013學年重慶萬州巖口復興學校初二上期中英語卷（第二組）（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Once there was an old man in a town. He always forgot a lot of things. So his wife always had to say him, “Don’t forget this”
One day he went on a long trip alone. Before he left home, his wife said, “now you have all these things . They are what you need for your trip. Take care of your things during the trip.” He went to the station, bought a ticket and go on the train with it. About half an hour later, the conductor began to see the tickets. He came to the old man and said. “Will you please show me your ticket ?” the old man looked for his ticket in all his pockets, but he could not find it. He was very worried. “I can’t find my ticket, I really bought a ticket before I got on the train” said the old man.
“I believe you bought a ticket. All right , you don’t have buy another one” said the conductor kindly. “But how can I know where I’m going? I can’t remember my station!” the old man said sadly
【小題1】The old man in the story was very ______.
| A．kind | B．poor | C．forgetful | D．sad |
| A．after | B．before | C．until | D．when. |
| A．didn’t believe | B． laughed at | C． believed | D．felt sorry for |
| A．he had to buy another ticket |
| B．he lost all the things his wife gave him |
| C．he did not know where he was |
| D．he did not know where he should get off. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇省大豐市第四中學七年級12月月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Mr. and Mrs Black live in a small house near London with their children. Usually Mr Black comes back from work very late. At that time, his wife and the children are sleeping. So he opens the front door of his house with his keys and comes into the house quietly.
One night he comes home very late. It is 11:00 p.m. But he can’t find his keys. He rings the bell(門鈴). Nothing happens(發生). He rings it again. Again nothing happens. No one can hear it. Mr. Black knocks on the bedroom window. He calls his wife’s name. He shouts but his wife doesn’t wake up. At last he stops and thinks for a few minutes. Then he begins to speak like a small child. “Mother,” he says. “I want to go to WC.” Mrs Black wakes up at once (立刻). Then he speaks to her, and she opens the door for him.
【小題1】Mr. Black and his wife live in ______.
| A．a small country | B．London city |
| C．a house but not big | D．a small town |
| A．not very late |
| B．before his family go to bed |
| C．after his family go to bed. |
| D．at about 10.p.m. |
| A．Because he comes home late. |
| B．Because he can’t find the key to the door. |
| C．Because his wife is not at home. |
| D．Because he doesn’t ring the bell. |
| A．he looks like a child |
| B．he wants to wake up his children |
| C．he wants to wake up his wife |
| D．he wants to go to WC |
| A．Mr Black often can’t come into the house. |
| B．One night Mr Black comes back early. |
| C．Mrs Balck often waits for Mr Black at night. |
| D．At last Mrs Black opens the door. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012屆浙江湖州環渚學校九年級第二次月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Do you often talk with your parents? Here is some advice on how to talk with them.
Try to start your talk with something fun. This will make talking easier. For example, ask them questions about their day. How’s work? They love this.
Make it clear what you want to tell your parents. If they have an opinion, let them finish and don’t stop their talking. Ask them to do the same for you.
Show them respect (尊重) by listening to them carefully. Look them in the eye (直視).
Be honest. Honesty builds trust (信任). Life is good when your parents trust you.
If your parents don’t understand, that’s OK. It doesn’t mean they don’t love you. Sometimes you have to explain the things to them again.
When you finish the talk, thank them for listening. Say something like “thanks”. It will let them know this is important to you, and make them want to do it more often.
【小題1】If you want to start the talk easily, you should say something at the beginning.
| A．fun | B．exciting | C．sad | D．unhappy |
| A．dislike | B．understand | C．respect | D．agree with |
| A．ask them to stop | B．argue with them |
| C．look them in the eye | D．explain your idea to them again |
| A．say goodbye to | B．thank | C．say sorry to | D．ask |
| A．We should thank our parents. |
| B．It’s important to understang our parents. |
| C．We should love our parents. |
| D．Some ways to communicate with our parents. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2013屆山東省德州市九年級第一次模擬考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
In a school some trouble was caused by the students. They are very naughty and didn’t obey the school rules.They often fought with each other and they didn’t forgive each other. One day a new teacher came to this school. When he heard that, he came up with a good idea.
He told each of his students to bring a clear plastic bag and a bag of potatoes to school. For every person they didn’t want to forgive in their lives, they chose a potato, wrote the person’s name on it, and put it in the plastic bag.
Some of their bags were very heavy. They were then told to carry this bag with them everywhere for one week. They would put it beside their bed at night, on the seat when sitting in a car or on a bus, and next to their desk at school. Days of carrying the bags around with them made students get to know what a weight they were carrying in their minds. And they had to pay attention to it all the time so they didn’t forget it or leave it in embarrassing (令人難堪的) places. As time passed by, the potatoes went bad and smelt nasty.
Too often we think of tolerance as a gift to other people, and it clearly is for ourselves! If we choose to keep our sadness and hatred (仇恨) in our hearts, we will have to carry them around all our lives. After that, the students got on well with each other and didn’t fight anymore. Learn to forgive , and you will be happier at the same time.
【小題1】The new teacher asked the students to bring ________ to school.
| A．a clear plastic bag of potatoes |
| B．a clear plastic bag and a potato |
| C．some clear plastic bags of potatoes |
| D．a clear plastic bag and a bag of potatoes |
| A．they liked | B．they didn’t forgive |
| C．hated them | D．liked them |
| A．感恩 | B．寬容 | C．仇恨 | D．悔恨 |
| A．we should learn to forgive |
| B．we should know something about potatoes |
| C．we shouldn’t use plastic bags |
| D．we should take potatoes to school |
| A．Tolerance is a gift for other people and ourselves. |
| B．Carrying a bag of potatoes made the students embarrassed. |
| C．The students had to take bags of potatoes with them everywhere. |
| D．The students had to take bags of potatoes with them for about two weeks. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2013屆江蘇省南京學大教育專修學校九年級月考英語試卷試題（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Brownie and Spotty were neighbor dogs. They loved each other and played together so often that they had worn a path through the grass of the field between their houses.
One evening, Brownie’s family noticed that their dog hadn’t returned home. They went looking for him, but with no success. Brownie didn’t show up the next day, and by the next week he was still missing.
Curiously, Spotty showed up at Brownie’s house alone. He barked loudly. But busy with their own lives, Brownie’s family just ignored (忽略) their neighbor’s nervous little dog.
Finally, one morning Spotty refused to take “no” for an answer. He followed Ted, Brownie’s owner, everywhere he went. He barked, then rushed towards a nearby empty lot and back, as if to say, “ Follow me!”
Finally, Ted followed the dog across the empty lot. The dog led the man to a tree a half-mile from the house. There Ted found Brownie alive. One of his legs was crushed (夾住) in a trap. Ted wished he had taken Spotty’s earlier appeals (求助) seriously.
Then Ted noticed something amazing. In a circle around the injured dog, he saw a lot of dog food. They were the remains of lots of meals.
Spotty had been visiting Brownie every day. He had stayed with Brownie to protect him, snuggling(依偎) with him at night to keep him warm and nuzzling(用鼻子愛撫) him to keep his spirits up.
【小題1】What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?
| A．Brownie and Spotty didn’t like their owners. |
| B．Brownie was missing for three days. |
| C．Brownie’s family didn’t love him. |
| D．Spotty probably knew where Brownie was. |
| A．Spotty barked loudly at Ted because he was scared. |
| B．Ted followed Spotty because Spotty asked him to. |
| C．Spotty succeeded in escaping from the trap. |
| D．Brownie had nothing to eat that whole week. |
| A．feed him | B．praise him | C．comfort him | D．protect him |
| A．Dog is man’s best friend. | B．Even dogs can have strong friendship. |
| C．Dogs are one of the cleverest animals. | D．Dogs have a special way to look for help. |
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科目：初中英語 來源：2011－2012學年江蘇省蘇州新區二中初三10月月考英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
The earth is our home；we must take Care of it. This means keeping the land，air and water clean.
Pollution is a dirty word. To pollute means to make things unfit(不合適的)or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it，smell it，taste it and drink it. Pollution is beginning to threaten(威脅)our health，or happiness and our life.
Man. has been polluting the earth from the time he first made fire，washed his clothes in the river and threw his waste on the ground. When land was used up or water became dirty. Men moved to another place. At first the problem was not so serious because there was plenty of clean air，land and water. There weren’t so many people then and their wants(需求)were fewer. All the dirty things could be absorbed(吸收)by nature and soon. covered over(恢復)， But this is no longer true. The increase of population(人口增長)and the development of industry have changed that. Man is slowly polluting. his environment.
Through the use of poison(農藥)，mall has polluted land! killing the animal. By putting dirty water and chemicals into rivers and lakes we have polluted our drinking water，killing the fish.
Our increasing population is part of the problem. More people more waste.
Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a big rubbish dump，or is there any hope that we can get rid of(擺脫)the pollution ?Luckily，millions of people have been warned of the danger of pollution. Large numbers of people are now working hard to bring pollution under
【小題1】Which sentence is WRONG?
| A．We live on the earth，so we should look after it. |
| B．To pollute means to make air ，water and land unfit for use. |
| C．All the waste produced by modem industry can be absorbed. |
| D．Man is now fighting against different kinds of pollution. |
| A．化學 | B．化學物質 | C．化學的 | D．醫學的 |
| A．because of the increase of population and the development of industry，more and more waste is produced |
| B．we need more people，not more waste |
| C．there isn’t any hope that we can get rid of the pollution |
| D．more people have been warned of the danger of more waste. |
| A．doesn’t know how to control pollution |
| B．still doesn’t realize how serious pollution is |
| C．is doing something to control pollution |
| D．begins to understand the pollution |
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