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   I'm confused these days．We are taught at home and at school that using violence(暴力)is the least civilized(文明的)way to solve problems．For example, last week I thought about hitting my friend for winning a beautiful shell while we were playing At the beach．I talked with him instead and we came to an agreement．If two adults had a disagreement，and if they used violence towards each other in order to win, is it all right? 

    When two countries disagree，they often fight a war．Why is using violence not okay at home，at school，or in your country but okay between countries? So many people have been killed because of wars，not only soldiers but ordinary people, even small children and babies. And refugees(難民)exist，too．

    A war is a great violence，like two people fighting over a shell，just much bigger. Adults say they are fighting wars in order to solve problems and make peace. But can you really“make peace”by killing so many people? I don’t think bombs(炸彈)can reach people’s hearts and change them．Bombs can’t create love and caring, and that’s what we need in the world．Why do adults use violence so quick? Why can’t they use their wisdom(智慧)and talk it over?

    Adults might say that things are not that easy．But they are the ones that teach us to be kind，not to hurt people，and not to kill．Why don’t they act as what they say?

                          A page from a 1 2-year-old boy，Joshua’s diary.

1．At the beach，Joshua_________.

   A．hit his friend

B．won a beautiful shell

   C．played with a beautiful shell

   D．came to an agreement with his friend

2．Joshua hates wars between countries because

A．he is afraid of wars

B．he doesn’t understand adults

   C．wars create death and refugees

   D．wars are not the only way to make peace

3．What’s the key to peace in Joshua’s opinion?

   A．Love and care for each other．

   B. Don’t use Violence so quickly

C. Stop using bombs in wars．

D. Don't hurt or kill people in wars.

4. From the reading we can see Joshua wants adults to_____.

  A．1earn from children

  B．be children's models

  C．be kind to children

  D．teach children how to solve problems

5．Choose the best title(標題)for the passage．

  A．Adults and Wars

  B．How to Stop Wars

  C．Wars Can't Make Peace

D．Ways of Solving Problems

Chinese writer Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature，the Swedish Academy

(瑞典文學院) announced on October 11．Mo Yan，the first Chinese to win the prize，said that he was“surprised”and“delighted’’at his winning．

Mo Yan．whose real name is Guan Moye(管謨業)，was born in 1955，in Gaomi County in Shandong province to a family of farmers，in Dalan Township．As a twelve-year-old boy, he left school to work during the Cultural Revolution，first in agriculture，later in a factory．In 1976，he joined the People’s Liberation Army，and began writing while he was still a soldier．In 1984，he was given a chance to learn at the Department of Literature in the PLA Academy of Art and Literature，where he published(出版)his first novel，A Transparent Radish(1984)．In 1991，he got a Master’s degree in Literature from Beijing Normal University．

Many of his novels are set in his hometown，including his best known work，Red Sorghum. The novel was made into an Oscar-nominated film by director ZhangYimou in 1987．Some of his works have been translated into English，French，Japanese and many other languages．

After learning that he had won the prize，Mo thanked his hometown for inspiring him．During a television interview he said that he was very thankful to the land where he grew up and that he goes back there every year．

39. From the passage we can know that MoYan’s parents were　　　　　　 .

A. workers　　　 　　 B. teachers　　　　　　　　　 C. farmers 　　　　　 　D. soldiers

40．What does the underlined word“delighted”refer to?

A. interested　 　　　　 B. pleased　　　　　　　　　　 C. moved 　　　　　　 　D. boring

41．Mo Yan didn’t finish school because 　　　　　　　 .

A. the war broke out　　　　　　　　　 B. the Cultural Revolution took place

C. he was asked to join the army　　　　 D. he had to work in the countryside

42．From the passage we can know that 　　　　　.

A. the novel, Red Sorghum，was made into an Oscar-nominated film

B. Mo Yan became a soldier of the People’s Liberation Army in 1984

C. Mo Yan’s first novel，A Transparent Radish，came out in 1991

D. Mo Yan was very thankful to the Swedish Academy

　

To most people of Norway（挪威），skiing（滑雪）is the best way to have fun in winter．Almost everyone can ski．Children learn to ski soon after they learn to walk． Long，long ago in Norway，there were no buses，trains or cars．The people had to find a way to walk over the deep snow．Skis were the right answer! And Norwegians（挪威人）have been skiing ever since．

　　Today most Norwegians ski just for fun．Most families-mothers，fathers and children，may go together on a ski trip across the snowy countryside．Some of Norwegian young men and women are among the best skiers in the world．They have won many prizes．

　　Although they love winter．the people of Norway are happy to see summer come．They enjoy the out-of-doors at any time of the year．In summer they swim and sunbathe（日光浴）near the oceans．Some people go hiking and mountain climbing．Sail-boats glide（滑行）down the sea during the warm sunny summer months．

　　The Norwegians，like people everywhere，find many ways to have a good time．During the long winter they also enjoy films．They like to read and enjoy books from the libraries no matter what the season is．Family life is very important to the people of Norway．

（   ） 1．_______is the most popular sport for Norwegians to enjoy themselves in winter

A．Skiing                     B．Skating                   C．Swimming              D．Hiking

（   ） 2．In the past，Norwegians skied for_______．

A．having fun　                                               B．winning prizes

C．being skiers　                                              D．crossing the deep snow．

（   ） 3．How many activities are mentioned in the passage?

A．5　　　　　          B．6　　　　              C．7 　　　　            D．8

（   ） 4．Which sentence is Right?

A．Norwegians also like indoor activities．

B．Norwegianti like winter，but they don't like summer．

C．Norwegians ski just for prizes now．

D．Norwegians don't think family life is very important．

（   ） 5．The writer mainly tells us about_______________．

A．skiing　　　                                              B．the life of Norwegians

C．outdoor activities　　　　　                       D．indoor activities