It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Learning is closely related (相關的) to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain (大腦). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. ?
【小題1】The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.

The teacher stood before his class of 30 students and was going to hand out the final exam papers．“I know how hard you have all worked to get ready for this test．” he said．“And because I know you are all able to understand these questions．I am ready to offer a B to anyone who would prefer not to take the test．’’
A number of students jumped up to thank the teacher and left the classroom．The teacher looked at the rest students and said．“Does anyone else want to get a B? This is your last chance．”Two more students decided to go．Seven students stayed．The teacher then handed out the papers．There were only three sentences on the paper： Congratulations! You have received an A in this class．Keep believing in yourself．
I never had a teacher who gave a test like that．but I think that it is a test that any teacher could and should give．Students who do not have confidence in what they have learned are B students at most．
The same is true for students in real life．The A students are those who believe in what they are doing because they have learned from both successes and failures．They have learned life’ s lessons, whether from school education or from events in their lives，and have become better people．Scientists say that by the age of eight，80% of what we believe about ourselves has already been formed．You are a big kid now and you realize that you have some limits(局限)．However，there is nothing you can’t do or leant to be．Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma (珠穆朗瑪峰)said，“We do not conquer the mountain．but ourselves．”
【小題1】Some students left the classroom because_____

The teacher stood before his class of 30 students and was going to hand out the final exam papers．“I know how hard you have all worked to get ready for this test．” he said．“And because I know you are all able to understand these questions．I am ready to offer a B to anyone who would prefer not to take the test．’’
A number of students jumped up to thank the teacher and left the classroom．The teacher looked at the rest students and said．“Does anyone else want to get a B? This is your last chance．”Two more students decided to go．Seven students stayed．The teacher then handed out the papers．There were only three sentences on the paper： Congratulations! You have received an A in this class．Keep believing in yourself．
I never had a teacher who gave a test like that．but I think that it is a test that any teacher could and should give．Students who do not have confidence in what they have learned are B students at most．
The same is true for students in real life．The A students are those who believe in what they are doing because they have learned from both successes and failures．They have learned life’ s lessons, whether from school education or from events in their lives，and have become better people．Scientists say that by the age of eight，80% of what we believe about ourselves has already been formed．You are a big kid now and you realize that you have some limits(局限)．However，there is nothing you can’t do or leant to be．Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma (珠穆朗瑪峰)said，“We do not conquer the mountain．but ourselves．”

1. 1.

   Some students left the classroom because_____

   1. A.
      they were happy with the grade the teacher would give them
   2. B.
      they were allowed to take another easier exam later on
   3. C.
      they knew the teacher didn’t like them to take the test
   4. D.
      they thought the exam was so easy that they don’t need to have a try
2. 2.

   The teacher gave the rest students an A because______

   1. A.
      they answered all the questions in the exam correctly
   2. B.
      they didn’t believe themselves
   3. C.
      they believed themselves in what they had learned
   4. D.
      they had been working hard for each exam
3. 3.

   The underlined word “conquer’’ means ______ in the passage

   1. A.
      發(fā)現
   2. B.
      控制
   3. C.
      探索
   4. D.
      征服
4. 4.

   What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?

   1. A.
      He wants us to know what our limits are．
   2. B.
      He wants us to learn to believe in ourselves．
   3. C.
      He wants us to receive school education．
   4. D.
      He wants us to1earn from B students．