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It is men’s nature to live together in families and tribes(部落), and cities and nations, and therefore men have learned to prize those qualities in each other which make social life the happiest and best.
Of these qualities one of the most important is sympathy－fellow-feeling. If a man had no fellow-feeling, we should call him “inhuman”; he would be no true man. We think so much of this quality that we call a kind man “human”－that is, man-like in his conduct, first to other men, and afterwards to all living things.
If you are cruel to animals, you are not likely to be kind or thoughtfull to men; and if you are thoughtful towards men, you are not likely to be cruel and thoughtful towards animals. This is why the wise man of old wrote, “The merciful man is merciful to his beast.”
What a pleasure it is also to be loved by our pets or domestic animals; and to feel that we are caring for them and are deserving of their love; or to watch the ways of wild creatures, and gradually to make friends with them!
Treating animals kindly does not mean that we must never inflict any pain on them. We ourselves are trained by pains as well as by pleasures; so too, punishment is sometimes needed to train our dogs and horses to obey us. We endure pains at the hands of the surgeon, to cure some wound or to heal some disease; so too, animals must submit to being doctored.
We send out our bravest men to face wounds, sickness and death, for the good of the nation; so too, we let our horses share the risk of battle. For similar reasons, we cannot hesitate to destroy dangerous creatures like wolves and show senseless ferocity(殘忍). It is no excuse to say that these animals deserve to be treated cruelly on account of their own cruelty. They are not really cruel, for they tear and kill not from love of unkindness, but because they must do so in order to live.
【小題1】One of the most important qualities of men is fellow-feeling because      .

Some diaries from Jackie Chan’s blog
January 4, 2009
Lately I’ve been busy in Beijing having meetings to discuss my new movie. I also attended John Wu’s ceremony（典禮）of his new movie, Red Cliff, which took two years to complete. I’m good friends with the director John Wu and the main actor Tony Leung.
January 5, 2009
Today I went to record a television program for Beijing TV called Volunteers Across China. This TV program is a large-scale reality show that is based on the idea that “good people reap good rewards” and it hopes to encourage people to be more aware and help the “good people” who are in difficult situations.
January 6, 2009
I’m very pleased to announce that my Jackie Chan automobile website is set up and officially operating! I hope that through this automotive website, I can get in touch with more people who want to buy cars.
January 7, 2009
Today, I went to record a song called Zhongguo Nian. This song was written by Chang Shilei. I sing this song together with Tan Jing. Chang Shilei is a naturally talented musician. He also has an interesting habit. His piano is placed next to his bed. When he wakes up, he plays the piano until he’s tired, and then he lies down on his bed to sleep.
January 9, 2009
Today I met with the producer and director of Longwei Xiaozi ,and I also brought along my friend’s daughter for a screen test. Although my friend’s daughter grew up in China, her English is very good and it just happened by chance that this movie needs a young actress for a part, so I took her along to audition（試演）.
【小題1】What might be the best title for this passage?

“Hey, Dad, are you going to come to my award ceremony tonight?” I __21___asked my father. “I have to work late tonight. I doubt if I’ll be able to __22__ it on time. I am just too busy right now,” he replied.
My mind could not ___23__the idea that he would be too busy working late. He was also too busy to __24__ my horse show, football games and the 15^th birthday party. He always used the same __25__. Why had I even taken trouble to ask? __26__, there was always a slight hope that tonight would be __27__.
As my mother and I arrived at school, two friends__28__ me. “Jill, meet my dad. Dad, this is my friend Jill.” I shook the hand of a tall man. Camera flashes lit up the room, and claps filled the __29__ as students accepted their awards. My name was finally called, __30__ three others. I followed my classmates to the __31__. When I reached out my hand to shake the __32__, a big smile lit up her face. The blinding flash from my mother’s camera ___33__ my eyes and I knew my dad wasn’t there. I walked back to my seat __34___.
Back at home, seeing my dad’s car in the garage. I told myself he would not be __35__. But the strong smell of alcohol hit me as soon as I __36__inside, and I could feel my tears __37__ . I followed the sound of his drunken words and saw him __38__ on the couch.
__39__ did Father lie to me? I threw my award on the floor, walked to my bedroom, and shut the door. Tears rolled down my face. I wondered if I would ever be more__40__ than his whiskey bottle.

Women who want to succeed at work should resist the temptation to act like men, scientists have said. Studies show that ambitious women are often less likely to get ahead than those who show more female characteristics. However, if they try to adapt, promotion comes their way. The findings, which will let assertive (過(guò)分自信的) women down, suggest that the best way for a woman to succeed in a man’s world is to act like a lady.

   Past research has shown that women with self-confidence and other characteristics linked with successful management can be put aside at work in favor of gentle types. It is thought that while such characteristics are highly praised in men, ambitious women are penalized for not being feminine enough. Instead of being seen as strong managers, ambitious women are in an unfavorable situation.

   In one US study, researchers explored personal details from university students applying for a summer job at a bank. A women applicant who attempted to apply for special wages to pay her transport or living costs was three and a half times less likely to get a job offer than a similar male. In fact, this kind of woman was the least likely to get taken on.

   The latest study set out to explore what women who are naturally assertive could do to get ahead in the workplace. Eighty young men and women completed surveys about their personality while studying in college. Around eight years later, the researchers got back in touch with them to find out how their careers were going. Some had been promoted five times, others just once or twice. The results showed that ambitious women who stick to their decisions had been promoted less than more feminine groups. But the ambitious women who made a conscious effort to not appear to be threatening by “self-controlling” their behavior had done better than those who had carried on ignoring others’ views.

1. What does the underlined word “penalized” mean in the second paragraph?

   A. Treated badly                             B. Asked to leave

   C. Looked down upon                          D. Made sb. have a disadvantage

2.According to the passage, if an ambitious woman and a similar man both ask the company for an extra payment, ______.

   A. the woman is less likely to be accepted

   B. the woman will work harder if she gets the payment

   C. the man can make a good impression on the boss

   D. they can be both accepted if they use proper words

3.The ambitious women in the latest study ______.

   A. had been promoted only once or twice

   B. tried hard to be as successful as gentle types

   C. were more accepted at work after they controlled their behavior

   D. filled in the surveys after they graduated from college

4.What can we learn from the passage?

   A. Successful management is highly praised in women.

   B. Some women will be disappointed by the massage.

   C. Men acting like a lady are likely to be promoted at work.

   D. The latest study was aimed at how to become a successful boss.

5.What’s the main idea of the passage?

   A. How assertive women can control their behavior.

   B. Feminists can do better by controlling their behavior.

   C. Acting like a man won’t get women promoted at work.

   D. How the ambitious women can avoid acting like men.

Imagine a training course that helps you in your specific job. Imagine tools and techniques that are so closely connected with your work that you can apply them directly to it. Imagine receiving an Open University (OU) certificate (證書(shū)) in a course which states what you have studied and achieved.

It may sound fantastic, but it’s a reality at the Open University’s CCPD, which is making learning while you work more flexible (靈活的) than ever before.

The courses are starting to change workplace learning completely. Paige, who took CCPD’s courses, said the study had changed her whole way of thinking. “It was excellent for so many reasons,” she said. “It developed me as a person and as an employee and taught me particular techniques. I was always able to bring what I’d learned into the office the next day and apply it to my job.”

Even better news for Paige was that her employer paid the full cost of her study. She became one of thousands of OU students whose fees were paid by employers who recognized the value of an OU education.

“These courses are designed for CCPD rather than as part of a formal certificate,” said Kathy, an OU teacher. “We pay more attention to development rather than assessment (評(píng)估). Our role is to give them personal developmental advice, not a mark.”

Paige is just one of 200,000 students who are learning at OU. CCPD itself is just a part of an organization that offers courses and qualifications in 360 subjects and has so far helped to develop the skills and knowledge of more than two million people.

 “Education does not stop with getting a degree,” said Charles Edwards, CCPD’s director. “In a fast-moving economy you cannot afford to rely on the degree you got some time ago. You must keep updating your knowledge.”

For details on CCPD’s courses and to register with the 10% discount available to members, visit www.open.ac.uk.

According to the passage, CCPD’s courses are ________.

A. required courses for formal academic qualifications

B. training courses for professional development

C. special courses for a master’s degree

D. elective courses for university students

The example of Paige is given to show ________.

A. the benefits of lifelong learning

B. how completely learning has changed

C. the value of CCPD’s courses of the OU

D. the importance of hard work

It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ________.

A. Paige has got promoted after learning CCPD’s courses

B. an OU education has been accepted by many employers

C. Paige is the best employee in her company

D. most employers care for their employees

According to the passage, CCPD’s courses focus on ________.

A. assessment of learners

B. learners’ personal development

C. the academic knowledge of learners

D. classroom learning