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A．Williams, who knew the dangers of the area, had refused to consult charts or maps and had become utterly lost in the bad weather.

B．When the Titanic sank, the stories of the courage mainly showed in the face of inevitable(不可避免的) death moved the world.

C．Major Sexton ordered the survivors on deck, and in one of the more remarkable displays of courage seen, the soldiers stood silently to attention as the women and children were loaded into the life-boats.

D．Within fourteen minutes t had sunk, taking with it 1,012 ordinary people.

E．Their behavior was shocking.

F．There were about six hundred and eighty on board, of whom fifty were women and children.

The Best and the Worst

　　　 Under the extreme conditions of a disaster, human beings display the best and worst they are capable of. In the midst of chaos “women and children first” is the traditional way of doing things.

71 . Sixty years before that, the passengers of another ship had shown even greater discipline and nobility in terrible circumstances.

　　　 The ship was the Birkenhead, a steam-powered troopship transporting British troops to South Africa. On 26 February, 1852, the ship hit an uncharted rock while rounding the Cape of Good Hope. 72　 . The remainders were soldiers and officers of the 74^th Highlanders, led by Major Alexander Sexton. In addition, the ship was laden with horses.

　　　 The initial collision had already caused dozens of the troops to be drowned as they slept below decks. 73　 . The ship was sinking rapidly and leaning, but they continued to stand until all the women and horses were driven over-board to give them a chance. Only then, at the order from Major Sexton, did they break ranks and try to save their own lives. But the ship broke up, and four hundred and eighty-eight of the soldiers died.

　　　 In complete opposition to this bravery, was the occasion when nearly all the casualties(人員傷亡) were women and children. This happened on 1 April, 1873. The White Star liner Atlantic, under the command of the incompetent Captain Williams, was wrecked on rocks off the coast of Nova Scotia. 　74　 . In the panic, the male passengers deserted their families and tried to escape ashore.　 75　 . There were five hundred and sixty deaths. Of the four hundred survivors, not one was a woman.

Before Nicholas Clapp got there, he had half hoped that he might run into some of Ubar’s ruins sticking(凸出) out of the sand. But finding the city wasn’t that easy. During the summer, he and his 40 helpers dug at 35 different spots. The only things they found were ground spiders, giant ticks, and deadly snakes.
Just before Thanksgiving says Clapp, “We were within a whisker of total failure.”
But then Clapp’s team looked at the high-tech maps again and saw something surprising. Many of the caravan routes(沙漠商隊路線)on the high-tech maps came together on the same spot marked “Omani Marketplace” on Ptolomy’s map. Two maps, made almost 2000 years apart, pointed the team toward the same area!
In December 1991, Clapp arrived at the spot where, according to the maps, the caravans met. Clapp had a handheld instrument that could detect(探測) objects below the ground. It showed ruins under the sand! He and his team started digging. And then they found it! A tower buried in the sand. They slowly unearthed a giant, eight-sided fortress(堡壘). It had nine towers and many rooms. People had lived in this fortress 2000 years ago. Outside its walls, they had found buried remains of nearly 40 campsites. They seemed to be camping areas for traders(商人). 
More digging found shards, or pieces of pottery(陶瓷) from ancient Rome, Greece, China, Egypt, and Syria. Diggers and scientists agree that people were here for about 5000 years. Clapp and his team were excited as they continued to discover more pieces of the past that seemed to prove that it was the lost city of Ubar.
“We started with this hopeless myth(神秘),” says Clapp, “and then finally found the truth behind the myth.” But is this unearthed site really the once-great Ubar? Experts aren’t totally persuaded.
Donald Whitcomb is an archeologist(考古學家) at the University of Chicago. He doubts that Clapp really discovered Ubar. “There’s probably some truth to this myth,” he says. “But Ubar is described as a place with walls all made of gold, and the rubies and emeralds(寶石).” No gold or precious stones have been found by Clapp.
“I’m not sure whether they discovered Ubar because I’m not sure if Ubar really existed,” Whitcomb says.
【小題1】The following statements are true according to the reading EXCEPT_____.

The Vienna-based researchers showed that dogs will stop doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded, is present．
The experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a reward．On giving this “handshake” the dogs received a piece of food．One of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no food．The other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform the task．
The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewarded．
To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner．Here they continued to present the paw for much longer．
Dr Frederike Range from the University of Vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behaviour．
“The only difference is one gets food and the other doesn’t, they are responding to being unequally rewarded．” she said．
The researchers say this kind of behaviour, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates(靈長類) before．
Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of reward．
The dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a difference．Dogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to either．Dr Range says this may be because they have been trained．
57．The dogs refused to give the paw when they_______．
A．found another dog was given nothing
B．felt they were not treated equally
C．were aware they received less food
D．were given too much reward
58．What would the dogs do if they presented their paw alone?
A．They would go on with the performance much longer．
B．They would be too shy to present their paw．
C．They would miss their partners．
D．They would compare what they got with that of others．
59．According to the passage, compared with dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees ______．
A．pay no attention to the type of reward
B．only like to play interesting games
C．pay attention to the type of reward as well as whether they are rewarded
D．care more about how they are rewarded
60．Which of the following can best summerise the passage?
A．Animals’ various ways to show anger
B．Dogs are more envious than man
C．Most animals want to be be rewarded for their work
D．Animals also have a sense of fairplay

He met her at the party. She was so outstanding, with many boys around her, while he was so normal, with nobody paying attention to him.
At the end of the party, he invited her to have coffee with him. She was surprised, but due to being polite, she agreed.
They sat in a nice coffee shop. He was too nervous to say anything, and she felt uncomfortable, thinking, “Please let me go home.”
Suddenly he asked the waiter, “Would you please give me some salt? I’d like to put it in my coffee.”
Everybody stared at him---so strange! His face turned red, but, still, he put the salt in his coffee and drank it.
She asked him curiously, “Why do you have this hobby?”
He replied, “When I was a little boy, I lived near the sea. I liked playing in the sea, and I could feel the taste of the sea, just like the taste of the salty coffee. Now every time I have the salty coffee, I always think of my childhood. I miss my hometown so much. I miss my parents who are still living there.”
While saying that, tears filled his eyes. She was deeply touched. That’s his true feeling, from the bottom of his heart. A man who can tell about his homesickness must be a man who loves home, cares about home, and has a good sense of responsibility.
Then she also started to speak, about her faraway hometown, her childhood, her family. That was a really nice talk, also a beautiful beginning of their story.
They continued to date. She found that actually he was a man who meets all her demands: he was kind-hearted, warm and careful. He was such a good person but she almost missed him!
Thanks to his salty coffee! Then the story was just like every beautiful love story, the princess married the prince, then they were living a happy life…And, every time she made coffee for him, she put some salt in the coffee.
After 40 years, he passed away, leaving her a letter which said, “My dearest, please forgive my whole-life lie. This was the only lie I said to you ---the salty coffee.”
“Remember the first time we dated? I was so nervous at that time. Actually I wanted some sugar, but I said salt. It was hard for me to change so I just went ahead.”
“I tried to tell you the truth many times in my life, but I was too afraid to do that, as I have promised not to lie to you for anything.”
“Now I’m dying, I’m afraid of nothing so I tell you the truth: I don’t like the salty coffee. What a strange and bad taste! But I have had the salty coffee for my whole life!”
“Since I knew you, I never feel sorry for anything I do for you. Having you with me is my biggest happiness for my whole life. If I can live for a second time, I still want to know you and have you for my whole life, even though I have to drink the salty coffee again.”
Her tears made the letter totally wet.
Someday, someone asked her, “What’s the taste of salty coffee?” “It’s sweet,” she replied.
【小題1】 After ordering some salt to put into the coffee, the young man must have felt _________.

第二節：完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36—55題所給的四個選項A、B、C、D中，選出最佳選項。

At the end of a party，he invited her to have coffee with him．In a nice coffee shop, he was too nervous to say anything, and she felt uncomfortable，thinking, “Please let me go home.’’

Suddenly he asked the  36 ,“Would you please give me some 37 ? I'd like to put it in my coffee．’’

Everybody stared at him—so 38! His face turned red，but when the waiter brought some salt for him, he still put it in his coffee and drank it．

She asked him 39，“Why do you have this hobby(嗜好)?”

He 40，“When I was a little boy，I was living 41 the sea．I liked playing in the sea，and I could 42 the taste of the sea，just like the taste of the salty coffee．Now every time I have the salty coffee，I always think of my 43．I miss my hometown and my parents so much．’’  

 She was 44 touched(感動)! A man who can tell out his homesickness must be a man who loves home，45 about home，and has responsibility for home．

 They continued to date（約會）… Then they got married. And，every time she 46 coffee for him，she put some salt in the coffee．

 After 40 years，he died，leaving her a 47 which said，“My dearest，please forgive(寬恕) my whole life lie．This was the 48 lie I told to you— the salty coffee．

 “Remember the 49 we dated? I was so nervous at that time．Actually I wanted some sugar，but I said “salt” instead．It was hard for me to correct the mistake，so I just went 50．

 “I tried to tell you the truth many times in my life，51 I was too afraid to do that，as I have promised not to lie to you for 52．

 “Now I'm 53，I'm afraid of nothing ,so I tell you the truth：I 54 the salty coffee．What a strange bad taste! But I have had the salty coffee in my whole life!…”

 Her tears made the letter totally wet．

 Someday，someone asked her，“What’s the taste of salty coffee?” “It’s 55!” she replied．

 36．A．friend          B．manager      C．waiter         D．customer

 37．A．sugar         B．salt         C．water          D．tea

 38．A．smart         B．strange            C．serious         D．important

 39．A．curiously      B．patiently    C．bravely       D．happily

 40．A．wrote         B．added             C．agreed         D．replied

41．A．in             B．over         C．near         D．above

42．A．consider       B．feel          C．observe      D．compare

43．A．childhood      B．teachers      C．friends        D．future

 44．A．hardly          B．nearly           C．possibly      D．deeply

 45．A．thinks       B．talks         C．cares        D．comes

 46．A．made               B．drank              C．finished      D．bought

 47．A．telephone      B．word        C．notice          D．letter

 48．A．only          B．first          C．last           D．best

 49．A．last time       B．first time     C．second time  D．many times

 50．A．away               B．off          C．ahead         D．around

 51．A．and           B．so             C．or                 D．but

 52．A．anything        B．nothing       C．somebody     D．anybody

 53．A．dead                B．married      C．dying          D．boring

 54．A．like           B．hate         C．remember    D．forget

 55．A．terrible        B．strange         C．delicious      D．sweet