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Dr. Sylvia Earle wants you to stop eating fish. It’s not because fish are endangered, though wild fish stocks in many oceans are very low. It’s not because they’re bad for you, though fish in many areas are exposed to poisonous substances in the water. It’s because they’re smart.
“Fish are sensitive, they have personalities,” says the marine biologist. For Earle, eating a fish would be like eating a dog or a cat. “I would never eat anyone I know personally.”
There’s a lot more to fish than meets the eye: they talk to each other, they like to be touched, and they engage in behavior that can seem very human. They can remember things and learn from experience. Earle and a growing number of animal rights activists see these as strong arguments against eating fish altogether.
The activists also point out that fish feel pain and fish suffer horribly on their way from the sea to the supermarket. “While it may seem obvious that fish are able to feel pain, like every other animal, some people think of fish as swimming vegetables,” says Dr. Lynne Sneddon. “Really, it’s kind of a moral question. Is the enjoyment you get from fishing (or eating fish) more important than the pain of the fish?”
Fishermen and (fried) fish lovers are doubtful. “I’ve never seen a smart fish,” says Marie Swaringen as she finishes off a plate of fish at a Seattle seafood restaurant. “If they were very smart, they wouldn’t get caught.”
“For years, everyone’s been telling us to eat fish because it’s so good for us,” says another diner. “Now I’ve got to feel guilty while I’m eating my fish? What are they going to think of next? Don’t eat salad because cucumbers have feelings?”
【小題1】 Dr. Sylvia Earle discourage people from eating fish because _____________.

C
Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled—to $1. 01 per pack—smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit.
This is not a surprise to public health advocates（擁護者） They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.
The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost ＄10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, S. C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4. 78.
The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys—13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky, other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”
That’s true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
49. The text is mainly about ________.
A. the price of cigarettes                     B. the rate of teen smoking
C. the effect of tobacco tax increase            D. the differences in tobacco tax rate
50. The underlined word "deter” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A. discourage        B. remove            C. benefit            D. free 
51. Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of ________.
A. tolerance          B. unconcern          C. doubt             D. sympathy
52. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.
B. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.
C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking.
D. Adults will depend more on their families.

Dr．Sylvia Earle wants you to stop eating fish．It's not because fish are endangered，though wild fish stocks in many oceans are very low．It's not because they're bad for you, though fishin many areas are exposed to poisonous substances in the water．It's because they're smart．

    "Fish are sensitive, they have personalities’，says the marine biologist．For Earle, eating afish would be like eating a dog or a cat．“I would never eat anyone I know personally.”

    There's a lot more to fish than meets the eye: they talk to each other, they like to betouched, and they engage in behavior that can seem very human．They can remember thingsand learn from experience．Earle and a growing number of animal rights activists see these asstrong arguments against eating fish altogether．

    The activists also point out that fish feel pain and fish suffer horribly on their way from the sea to the supermarket．“While it may seem obvious that fish are able to feel pain, likeevery other animal, some people think of fish as swimming vegetables，” says Dr. Lynne Sneddon. “Really，it's kind of a moral question．Is the enjoyment you get from fishing （oreating fish） more important than the pain of the fish?”

    Fishermen and （fried） fish lovers are doubtful．"I've never seen a smart fish," says Marie Swaringen as she finishes off a plate of fish at a Seattle seafood restaurant．“If they were verysmart, they wouldn't get caught．"

    “For years, everyone's been telling us to eat fish because it's so good for us，” says another diner．‘‘Now I've got to feel guilty while I'm eating my fish? What are they going to think of next? Don't eat salad because cucumbers have feelings?"

Dr．Sylvia Earle discourage people from eating fish because    ．

    A．there are not that many wild fish in the ocean

    B．fish actually are sensitive and have personalities

    C．some ocean fish contain poisonous substances

    D．fish are like dogs or cats that people know personally

We can infer from the passage that      ．

    A．all people don't agree with the idea to stop eating fish

    B．people will be persuaded not to eat fish in the future

    C．stopping eating fish will lead to people's not eating vegetables

    D．we shouldn't care too much about the feeling of fish

By saying "There's a lot more to fish than meets the eye, " the writer means  ．

    A．there are far more fish than other animals in the world

    B．there are more fish in the world than people can see

    C．people can see more fish if they pay more attention

    D．fish are not that simple as they appear to people's eyes

What is the writer's attitude towards people eating fish?

    A．Neutral．    B．Indifferent．    C．Approving．  D．Opposed．

One of the keys to being successful is persistence（堅持）．Once you have determined exactly what you want to achieve, you must take active action in order to succeed.
One of the things you'll notice on your journey towards your goal are roadblocks. That is, you will come across obstacles（障礙） to discourage your progress. Actually, they are a part of life. Everyone would have every success they ever wanted if there were no obstacles. Your job is to be persistent and work through those obstacles. If you find little or no obstacles along the way, chances are that you are not really challenging yourself. And when you do reach your goal, you won't experience the feeling of "sweet success". Make your goal a challenging one!
If you take the time to study any successful person, you will learn that the vast majority of them have had more "failures" than they have had "successes". This is because successful people are persistent; the more they stumble（絆倒）and fall, the more they get right back up and get going again. On the other hand, people that don't get back up and try again, never reach success. For example, Walt Disney was turned down 302 times before he got financing for his dream of creating the "Happiest Place on Earth". Today, due to his persistence, millions of people have shared "the joy of Disney".
Having known these facts, keep in mind that you must constantly reevaluate（再評估）your circumstances and the approach you are using to reach your goal. There is no sense in being persistent at something that you are doing incorrectly! Sometimes you have to modify（修改）your approach along the way. Every time you do something you learn from it, and
therefore find a better way to do it the next time.
Today is the day to begin your journey, using consistency and persistency, towards tomorrow's successes!
【小題1】The author seems to hold the belief that      .

Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛蟲) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
67．The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________.
A．are not tall enough                                      
B．like the lower leaves only
C．are not clever enough                                   
D．can get the lower leaves easily
68．To defend themselves, oak trees use________.
A．chemical means                                             B．physical means
C．bitter chemicals                                             D．sandy materials
69．How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?
A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
70．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Plants and Animals                                        
B．How Plants Defend Themselves
C．Attacks and Defenses                                   
D．How Animals Eat Plant Leaves