懷仁七中九年級英語第二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案10-動詞的時態(tài)
英語組 云幸
動詞的時態(tài)
考點1.一般現(xiàn)在時
用法:(1)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài).
He is ywelve.
The door is open.
(2).表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作.
He gets up at six in the morning.
She often goes to school by bike,sometimeson foot.
(3)表示主語具備的性格和能力
She likes noodles.
They speak French.
(4)表示客觀事實或普遍真理.
The earth goes round the sun.
The sun rises in the east.
(5)當主句是一般將來時,在時間和條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來.
I'll let you know as soon as he comes back.
If it rains tomorrow,he will stay at home.
(6) 表安排或計劃好的將來動作，只限于少數(shù)表示始終、來往的動詞，如go
Come,leave,arrive,reach,get,begin,start,end,close,be等。
(7) 在某些以here ,there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。
Here comes the bus . There goes the bell .
(8)一般現(xiàn)在時常用的時間狀語
.always/ often /sometimes /usually /once a week/every day/every morning
in the morning/on Sunday(s)/at times/on weekends.
考點２、現(xiàn)在進行時
（一）現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成：主語+am/is /are＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
（二）現(xiàn)在進行時的用法：
1.表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。
The students are listening to the teacher.
He is watching TV now.
2.表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作（說話時不一定正在進行）
We are working on a farm these days.
I'm writing a book this month.
3.表示位置移動的詞，如go ,come ,leave ,arrive ,have等常用進行時表示將來， 一般同表將來的時間狀語連用。
We are having a holiday next week .
He is leaving
for
4.表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作，常表示說話人的某種感情如贊揚、厭煩等。常和always 連用。
He is always thinking of others.
You are always asking so many strange questions.
5.當句中出現(xiàn)"Look!""Listen!","It's 8:00 now.或部分祈使句"Don't make any noise,","Keep / Be quiet."時，多與進行時連用。
Keep quiet. The baby is sleep .
Look!What's happening over there ?
It's seven o'clock now,Mr Smith is having breakfast.
6.現(xiàn)在進行時常用的時間狀語
now , these days , at the moment ,It's 7:00 now .
7.下列動詞一般不用于現(xiàn)在進行時：
a.表示感覺的動詞: see , hear
b.表示喜歡或厭惡的動詞: like ,love
c.表示希望的動詞: want , would like
d.表示狀態(tài)的動詞: be
e.表示歸屬的動詞: have
f.表示思維、知識或理解能力的動詞: know , think ,forget
考點３、一般過去時
用法：(1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
I saw him yesterday.
We went there last week.
He lost his wallet yesterday afternoon.
(2)表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。
He always went to work by bus last year.
Did you often swim last summer?
She used to be a history teacher.
(3)當主句是過去將來時，在時間和條件狀語從句中，用一般過去時表示將來。
Mr Smith said that he would go to the cinema with us if he had time.
(4)一般過去時常用的時間狀語
yesterday, yesterday afternoon last year/month/week/summer ,
in 2007,just now two days ago , the other day , a moment ago
the day before yesterday, when he was ten
考點４、一般將來時
(1)構(gòu)成：will / shall +動詞原形
be going to +動詞原形
(2)用法：
1.表示將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。
I’ll go to my hometown next week .
We will come to see you every Sunday.
2.”be going to＋動詞原形” “be about to +動詞原形”表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。
They are going to meet outside the school gate .
We are not going to have any classes next week .
3. be＋不定式to do 表將來
She is to look for a new job next year .
4.在表示建議或征求對方意見時，可用Shall I /we…?
Shall we go at ten ?
It’s hot today. Shall I open the window ?
5.在問對方是否愿意，或表示客氣的邀請或命令時，常用Will you…?
Will you go out for a walk with me ?
Will you close the door when you go out ?
6.一般將來時常用的時間狀語
tomorrow ,next week /year/month , this evening ,soon , in three days,some day,
in the future, from now on ,in a minute ,the day after tomorrow ,next time
考點5、過去進行時
（一） 構(gòu)成：was/were + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
（二） 用法
1.表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。
What were you doing this time yesterday? We were working in class.
He was mending his bike at ten o’clock yesterday.
I was drowing a horse when the teacher came in .
While she was trying to pass a truck before her ,she saw another car coming.
2.過去進行時常用的時間狀語
at eight last night , from 7o’clock to 9 o’clock,at this time yesterday,at that time
those days,just then , when/while引起的時間狀語從句。
3．句型 肯定句；主語+ was/were + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+ 其它
否定句：主語+ was/were +not+ 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+ 其它
一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+ 其它 ?
肯定回答： Yes, 主語 +was/were 否定回答：No, 主語+wasn’t/weren’t
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ was / were +主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其它 ?
考點6、現(xiàn)在完成時
（一） 構(gòu)成：助動詞have/has+過去分詞
（二） 用法：
1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
Have you had your lunch yet ? Yes,I have .I’ve just had it .
I have opened the door.
He has finished his homework already.
2.表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用，動詞多是延續(xù)性的。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years .
They have lived here since 1996 .
How long have you worked in this factory ?
She has taught us since I came to this school.
3.非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間連用時可采用下述三種方法：
a.將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞
b.將時間狀語改為過去時間，并用一般過去時代替現(xiàn)在完成時。
c.用句型It is+一段時間+since從句（從句中的謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去式）表示。
4.用于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語
for +一段時間 ,since +過去的時間點 ,since +從句（一般過去時）
these days ,in/during the last/past few years , so far , twice , all one’s life , already
yet ,just ,ever , never, before , over the year , ever since
非考點7、過去完成時
1.構(gòu)成：助動詞+動詞的過去分詞
2.用法： ①表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。
②表示在過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。
③表示從過去某一時間開始持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。
3.與過去完成時連用的時間狀語：by last week ,by the end of last year ,before last week ,by then
before I got to the theatre , by the time….
非考點8、過去將來時
1.構(gòu)成：would + 動詞原形
was / were going to + 動詞原形
2.用法：①表示從過去某一時間看將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用在賓語從句中.
②表示曾經(jīng)打算或準備要做的動作，用was / were going to + 動詞原形 。
He said he would buy some fruit for his sister .
He asked when the meeting would end .
I thought it was going to rain soon .
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