Question

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological（生物學的） basis to their preferences（偏愛）.

Psychologists Dr. Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants(嬰兒) aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.

Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.

Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization(社會化). Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colours such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”

1.Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because__________.    

A．baby boys are much more active

B．baby girls like bright colours more

C．there is a natural difference between them

D．their parents treat them differently

2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.

B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.

C．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.

D．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.

3.What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

A．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.

B．Adults purposely（故意地） influence their babies preference.

C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.

D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

4.We may read this article in a_________ section of a newspaper.

A．health            B．science           C．education         D．entertainment

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.C

2.D

3.A

4.B

【解析】

試題分析：本文講述的是在男孩和女孩之間存在著天然的差異，這種差異是不以環境年齡的變化而變化的。

1.C 細節題。根據文章第一段2,3行The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological（生物學的） basis to their preferences（偏愛）.可知在男孩和女孩之間存在著自然的差異。故C正確。

2.D 推斷題。根據文章第三段前4行Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched.可知孩子的年齡越大，表現出的偏向就越明顯。故D正確。

3.A 推理題。根據文章最后2段There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.和There could be a biological basis for their choices. 可知孩子的偏愛是天生的，是不受別人影響的。故A正確。

4.B 推理題。本文講述的是男孩和女孩在所喜歡的物體之間存在的差異，這屬于科普類的話題，故B正確。

考點：考察科普類短文閱讀

點評：本文講述的是在男孩和女孩之間存在著天然的差異，這種差異是不以環境年齡的變化而變化的。

科普類短文中對學生的推理能力，推測下文題應通過對文字表面的認識，把握住推理范圍，利用相關部分提供的事實、背景知識和自己固有的綜合知識，保持正確的思維過程和遵循嚴格的邏輯規律，做出正確的推斷。還需要把上下文的意思聯系起來，弄懂前后句之間的邏輯關系。同時也要注意句子間或段落間的上下過渡，或呼應的承接詞語的作用，包括連接詞、某些副詞及介詞短語等等。這些承接詞語往往被用來表示主題思想與輔助論點之間、輔助論點本身之間的聯系。我們可把它們看作信號詞，對我們的思維起著指示方向的作用。借助它們的提示，才可以準確地分析句子結構和段落結構，分清層次，確定文章的主題思想和細節等等，然后推測出在這篇短文之后再需寫什么與上文有關的內容。