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Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew. And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.
Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch(縫合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.
Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.
American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.
Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle(腳踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.
However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement（侵犯）. Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties（版稅）. In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.
小題1:Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because _____________.

A．people did not know how to put out the fire

B．Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his invention

C．the sewing machines was couldn’t work finally

D．workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fire

小題2:Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A．Singer is an American inventor and manufacturer.

B．The Singer sewing company became more practical.

C．The foot treadle helped to make the sewer’s hands free.

D．Singer made improvements to the design of sewing machines.

小題3:Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties?

A．Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude.

B．Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer.

C．Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it.

D．Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.

小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A．Stitch in Time Saves Nine

B．The Case between Howe and Singer

C．Patent Laws on the Sewing Machine

D．The Early History of the Sewing Machine

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:D

試題分析：文章介紹了縫紉機的萌芽和早期發展歷程。以前都是手工操作，后來，不斷有人對縫紉機的發展做出了貢獻。
小題1:根據第三段“he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.
”可知，一些工人放火燒服裝廠是害怕因為機器的發明而丟掉工作。故選D。
小題2:根據第五段第一句“Isaac Singer, another American inventor...”可知，A、D正確；根據“This improvement left the sewer’s hands free”可知，C正確；根據“the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical”可知，B項錯誤；故選B。
小題3:根據最后一段的第一句“Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented”可知，Singer侵犯了Howe的專利，故選B。
小題4:考查主旨大意。文章介紹了縫紉機的早期發展歷史，A、B、C太片面。故選D。

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C．Four

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