Question

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項（選項中有兩項為多余選項）．并在答案卡上將該項涂黑。

Urbanization

Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.     1._  . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (鄉村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.

Britain was only the beginning.         2._   .The process of urbanization--- the migration (遷移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.

In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms.     3.          .

Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.  _4. . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.

Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.            5._  . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.

A. That kept cities very small.

B. The rest live in small towns.

C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.

D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.

E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.

F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.

G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.E

2.D

3.B

4.A

5.F

【解析】

試題分析：本文講述了城市化的進程。從第一個城市的出現到現代社會的形成，從少數人居住在城市到絕大多數人遷移到城市，在這個過程中工業革命起了非常重要的作用。

1.E考察語境理解及推理判斷能力。根據空前面句子可知早在5，500年前就建立了第一個城市，而后面句子卻說幾乎每個人都住在農場或小村莊里，所以71空應該是說明城市發展很緩慢的句子，承上啟下而且表示轉折，由此判斷E為正確選項。句意：但是200年前才有很少的人能夠住在城市里。

2.D考察上下文的語境理解能力。 空前面句子Britain became the first urban society ；Britain was only the beginning. 表明了城市化的開始，那么72空應該是講城市的發展，所以很多其他的工業化國家也成為了都市社會。故D選項正確。

3.B考查上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。前面句子 用數字fewer than 40% o和over 82% of Americans live in cities.進行對比，所以73空也應該與后面 Only about 2% live on farms.構成對比，故B選項正確。

4.A考查上下文的理解及推理判斷能力�？涨懊娴木渥覧ven in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.是說甚至在先進的農業社會，得需要農場里的95個人才能養活城市里的5個人，所以后面句子應該是由此引出的結果，這就使得城市規模比較小。所以A選項正確

5.F考查上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。空前面句子說工業革命打破了城市和農村的平衡，空后面的句子應該同樣是表明工業革命影響的句子 ，由此判斷F為正確選項。句意：現代化把人們吸引到了城市而且使得農民們更高產了。

考點：信息匹配。