What is the difference between a college and a university? This is a good question for students who want to attend a college or a university in the United States.
Colleges and universities have many things in common. Both provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. Both provide education in the arts and sciences. And both can help prepare young people to earn a living.
Students who complete their undergraduate studies either at a four-year college or a university receive a bachelor’s degree. One difference is that many colleges do not offer graduate studies.
Universities are generally bigger, offer more programs and do more research. Modern universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university” comes from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common purpose. The word “college” comes from a Latin word with a similar meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live in. Usually each group of students was studying the same thing. So college came to mean an area of study. But a college can also be a part of a university. The first American universities divided their studies into a number of areas and called each one a college. This is still true.
Programs in higher learning may also be called schools. The University of Arizona in Tucson, for example, has 18 colleges and 10 schools. They include the colleges of pharmacy (制藥學), education, engineering and law. They also include the schools of architecture, dance and public administration.
College is also used as a general term for higher education. A news report might talk about “college students” even if they include students at universities. Or someone might ask, “Where do you go to college?”
Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. These are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They include language, philosophy and mathematics. The purpose is to train a person’s mind instead of teaching job skills.
【小題1】The passage is probably written to _________.
| A．persuade students to go to college instead of schools |
| B．tell students the differences between colleges and universities |
| C．help students make a better choice of what kind of colleges they should go to |
| D．inform students about how much they are going to spend in going to college |
| A．only students studying in colleges |
| B．students studying in colleges in the USA |
| C．only students studying in universities |
| D．students receiving higher education |
| A．Both universities and colleges include different schools. |
| B．The purpose of liberal arts is to train a person’s job skill. |
| C．Both universities and colleges can help prepare students to make a living. |
| D．Most American universities have 18 colleges and 10 schools. |
| A．get students ready to earn a living |
| B．teach students subjects from engineering to philosophy |
| C．help students achieve a stronger and clearer mind |
| D．encourage more students to begin the study of arts |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】C
解析試題分析：本文敘述了college 和university的由來。并陳述了現在社會上兩者存在的不同點。
【小題1】這是作者意圖題。根據What is the difference between a college and a university? This is a good question for students who want to attend a college or a university in the United States. ，作者寫這篇文章的目的是向準備在美國留學的學生解釋college和university的異同的。故選B。
【小題2】這是細節理解題。文章倒數第二段解釋了college students現在普遍指的是接受高等教育的學生。故選D。
【小題3】這是細節理解題。Colleges and universities have many things in common. Both provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. Both provide education in the arts and sciences. And both can help prepare young people to earn a living. college和university都能給學生提供教育，幫助他們為以后怎樣謀生做準備。故選C。
【小題4】這是細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“The purpose is to train a person’s mind instead of teaching job skills.”可得知答案C。
考點：這是一篇文化類文章。
點評：閱讀理解題目中的作者意圖題目可以包括意圖、態度、目的題目，在考試中出現的比率很大。不同的文章可能有不同的寫作意圖,但寫作意圖通常有以下三種：1）to entertain readers（娛樂讀者，讓人發笑） 2) to persuade readers（說服讀者接受某種觀點）3) to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）
根據文體類別推斷寫作目的這就要求我們了解在歷年高考閱讀題中，不同文體與三種寫作意圖類型的大致對應關系，這有助于做好此類試題。第一種寫作意圖（to entertain readers）常見于故事類的文章。第二種寫作意圖（to persuade readers，to sell a product or a service），或是要通過對旅游景點﹑報刊雜志﹑影片﹑電視節目等的介紹來達到他的寫作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）。第三種寫作意圖（to inform readers）多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章，了解這類文章的寫作目的有賴于對文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時有必要找準文章的主題句，或較好地對主題加以歸納。
本文的主題句是在開頭。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Nothing says love like a dozen long – stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day. More than a million roses will be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nation’s rose industry. It’s going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.
Yes, a rose is a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Roses only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a traditional shop to answer the challenge in the’ 90s.
Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40 th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall – to – wall mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.
Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, two and threes these days. In fact, more than half of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Only's low prices encourage people to spend. Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as ballons and stuffed animals.
While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers aren’t able to compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this country's leading producer.
Now, instead of fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. "We have a few big fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. “We may also widen our business to include the service area and be a representative for overseas flower producers.”
As a result of severe competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days, whereas ordinary people benefit from the low price.
60．What is the central theme of this text?
A．The US rose business is going from bad to worse in spite of the efforts made.
B．The rose will remain the most popular flower as love never goes out of date.
C．The rose business is trying to meet the challenges in the market to succeed.
D．The rose industry plays an important role in American economy.
61．How does Roses Only obtain success in the discount rose retailing field?
A．By setting up more chain stores across the country.
B．By selling roses in supermarkets.
C．By selling high quality roses at a low price.
D．By selling roses by the dozen.
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