It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial (商業(yè)的) world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學術(shù)界) outweigh any financial (金錢的) considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70％cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects (前景) of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The influence of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a medicine company before returning to university as a post doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual chances.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more important, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the change to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential (潛力) in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
1.By “a one-way street” in Paragraph 1, the author means ______.
|
A．university researchers know little about the commercial world |
|
B．few university professors are willing to do industrial research |
|
C．few industrial scientists would leave to work in a university |
|
D．there is little exchange between industry and academia |
2.The underlined word “deterrent” most probably refers to “something that ______”.
|
A．helps to move the traffic |
B．a(chǎn)ttracts people’s attention |
|
C．brings someone a financial burden |
D．keeps someone from taking action |
3.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
|
A．Less work hours. |
|
B．More freedom to choose research fields. |
|
C．Better prospects of a commercial return. |
|
D．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus. |
4.What can industrial scientists do when they come to teach in a university?
|
A．Make its research more practical. |
|
B．Develop its students’ potential in research. |
|
C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry. |
|
D．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market. |
名校課堂系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項
McDonald's Corporation （NYSE: MCD） is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily．__________Brands （KFC, Taco Bell and others） and sandwich chain Subway．
In addition to its signature restaurant chain, McDonald’s Corporation held a minority interest in Pret A Manger until 2008, and owned the Chipotle Mexican Grill until 2006 and the restaurant chain Boston Market until 2007．_________The corporations' revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants．
_________In response to obesity trends in western nations and in the face of criticism over the healthiness of its products, the company has modified its menu to include such healthier alternatives as salads, wraps and fruit．
The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California．Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant．The original mascot of McDonald's was a man with a chef's hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was "Speedee．" Speedee was eventually replaced with Ronald McDonald in 1963．
The first McDonald's restaurants opened in the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France, El Salvador and Sweden in order of openings．The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall．_______Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry．The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Kroc's autobiography and in the McDonald brothers' autobiography．_________
A．McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts．
B．The site of the McDonald brothers' original restaurant is now a monument．
C．At one time it was the largest global restaurant chain, but it has since beensurpassed by multi-brand operator Yum!
D．Each McDonald's restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself．
E．The company has also expanded the McDonald's menu in recent decades to include alternative meal options。
F．Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion and the company became listed on the public stock markets in 1965．
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010-2011學年吉林省高三第一次模擬考試英語卷 題型：其他題
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項
McDonald's Corporation （NYSE: MCD） is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily．_____1._____Brands （KFC, Taco Bell and others） and sandwich chain Subway．
In addition to its signature restaurant chain, McDonald’s Corporation held a minority interest in Pret A Manger until 2008, and owned the Chipotle Mexican Grill until 2006 and the restaurant chain Boston Market until 2007．_____2.____The corporations' revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants．
____3._____In response to obesity trends in western nations and in the face of criticism over the healthiness of its products, the company has modified its menu to include such healthier alternatives as salads, wraps and fruit．
The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California．Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant．The original mascot of McDonald's was a man with a chef's hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was "Speedee．" Speedee was eventually replaced with Ronald McDonald in 1963．
The first McDonald's restaurants opened in the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France, El Salvador and Sweden in order of openings．The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall．____4.___Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry．The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Kroc's autobiography and in the McDonald brothers' autobiography．_____5.____
|
A．McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts． |
|
B．The site of the McDonald brothers' original restaurant is now a monument． |
|
C．At one time it was the largest global restaurant chain, but it has since beensurpassed by multi-brand operator Yum! |
|
D．Each McDonald's restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself． |
E．The company has also expanded the McDonald's menu in recent decades to include alternative meal options。
F．Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion and the company became listed on the public stock markets in 1965．
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科目：高中英語 來源：上海高考真題 題型：填空題
Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency. Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 1 , the nutrition inspector said. Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 2 . "There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 3 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale." He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 4 to put calorie counts on all their menus. A trial scheme(試行方案) with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 5 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product. A consultation(征詢意見) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 6 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls. Government 7 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 8 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 9 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項
McDonald's Corporation （NYSE: MCD） is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily．__1___Brands （KFC, Taco Bell and others） and sandwich chain Subway．
In addition to its signature restaurant chain, McDonald’s Corporation held a minority interest in Pret A Manger until 2008, and owned the Chipotle Mexican Grill until 2006 and the restaurant chain Boston Market until 2007．___2___The corporations' revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants．
___3___In response to obesity trends in western nations and in the face of criticism over the healthiness of its products, the company has modified its menu to include such healthier alternatives as salads, wraps and fruit．
The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California．Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant．The original mascot of McDonald's was a man with a chef's hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was "Speedee．" Speedee was eventually replaced with Ronald McDonald in 1963．
The first McDonald's restaurants opened in the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France, El Salvador and Sweden in order of openings．The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall．___4___Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry．The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Kroc's autobiography and in the McDonald brothers' autobiography．___5___
A．McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts．
B．The site of the McDonald brothers' original restaurant is now a monument．
C．At one time it was the largest global restaurant chain, but it has since been surpassed by multi-brand operator Yum!
D．Each McDonald's restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself．
E．The company has also expanded the McDonald's menu in recent decades to include alternative meal options。
F．Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion and the company became listed on the public stock markets in 1965．
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
McDonald's Corporation （NYSE: MCD） is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily．_____71_____Brands （KFC, Taco Bell and others） and sandwich chain Subway．
In addition to its signature restaurant chain, McDonald’s Corporation held a minority interest in Pret A Manger until 2008, and owned the Chipotle Mexican Grill until 2006 and the restaurant chain Boston Market until 2007．_____72_____The corporations' revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants．
_____73_____In response to obesity trends in western nations and in the face of criticism over the healthiness of its products, the company has modified its menu to include such healthier alternatives as salads, wraps and fruit．
The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California．Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant．The original mascot of McDonald's was a man with a chef's hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was "Speedee．" Speedee was eventually replaced with Ronald McDonald in 1963．
The first McDonald's restaurants opened in the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France, El Salvador and Sweden in order of openings．The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall．_____74____Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry．The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Kroc's autobiography and in the McDonald brothers' autobiography．_____75_____
A．McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts．
B．The site of the McDonald brothers' original restaurant is now a monument．
C．At one time it was the largest global restaurant chain, but it has since beensurpassed by multi-brand operator Yum!
D．Each McDonald's restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself．
E．The company has also expanded the McDonald's menu in recent decades to include alternative meal options。
F．Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion and the company became listed on the public stock markets in 1965．
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