Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight.
Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.
But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, "Year-round schools don't really solve the problem of the summer learning setback. They simply spread it out across the year."
Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.
But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."
【小題1】According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap .
| A．helps children to gain weight |
| B．leads children to work harder |
| C．improves children’s memories |
| D．a(chǎn)ffects children’s regular studies |
| A．perform better and have more learning gains |
| B．have much less time for relaxation every year |
| C．have generally the same number of class days |
| D．hold more classes with more free weeks off |
| A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation. |
| B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap. |
| C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar. |
| D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vocation. |
| A．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much. |
| B．They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”. |
| C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap. |
| D．They can’t afford to the further study during vacation. |
| A．Opening Summer Camps |
| B．Forbidding Summer Schools |
| C．Spreading Year-Round Education |
| D．Minding the Summer Learning Cap |
科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年浙江省金華一中高二12月月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the street or loading a cart in a shopping mall．Soon, that will change．Electronic commerce （trade） is growing fast and will soon bring people more choices．There will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from being cheated will be harder．Many governments therefore want to apply street regulations to the electronic world．But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation．
Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything for the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs or their rights to refund when goods are faulty．But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence is on the screen．Even in a country where a clear right to compensation exists, the on-line customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to get a refund for a clothes purchase．
One answer is for government to cooperate more: to recognize each other’s rules．But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules．And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober countries to accept．There is, however, another choice．Let the electronic businesses do the regulation themselves．They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so．
In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset．Governments, too, may compete to be trusted．For instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA’s rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead．
Customers will still need to use their judgment．But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than customers of the normal sort．And the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain when a company lets them down．In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more．
【小題1】According to the author, what will be the best policy for electronic commerce?
| A．Self-regulation by the business． | B．Strict consumer protection laws． |
| C．Close international cooperation． | D．Government protection． |
| A．Refuse to pay for the purchase． | B．Go to the seller and ask for a refund． |
| C．Appeal to consumer protection law． | D．Complain about it on the Internet． |
| A．international cooperation would be much more frequent |
| B．consumers could easily seek government protection |
| C．a(chǎn) good reputation is a great advantage in competition |
| D．it would be easy for consumers to complain |
| A．very quick | B．very cautious | C．very slow | D．rather careless |
| A．It will be easier for him to return the goods he is not satisfied with． |
| B．It will be easier for him to attain the refund from the seller． |
| C．It will be easier for him to get his complaints heard by other consumers． |
| D．It will be easier for him to complain about this to the government． |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（江西卷）英語 題型：閱讀理解
Modcm inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly. Motor-cars cover a bundred miles in little more than an hour. Aireraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every ycar motor-cars are produced which go even faster each new computer boasts（吹噓）of saving preeious seconds in handling tasks.
All this saves timc, but at a prick.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding aeross the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfoerable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel tlru they have been left bebind in anot ar nine zoors Again pending too long at compulers resul’s in painti ninrts and fingers. Mobile phones also to dange according to some seientists; too much uss may thesmit h bul radiation into our brains, a we do not like to think about.
Howave, what do we do with the time we have saved?Certainly not or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Pcrhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imavination take us into another world.
There was a time when some people’s lives were devotcd simply to the cultivation of the land or the eare of eattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives wenl on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so ,we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faeed;:they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modem machinery has freed peope fre that primitive existcnee.
1.The new rooucts opcome more and more time-saving beeause_________.
A.our love of speed secure never-ending
B.time is limited
C.theprices are increasingly high
D.the manufacturers boast a lot
2.What does“the days”in Parag
raph 3 refer to?
A.I maginary life B.Simple life in the past
C.Times of inventions D.Time for constant activity
3.What is the author’s attitude towards the modem teehnology?
A.Critical B.Objective C.Optimistic D.Negative
4.What does the pa mge mainly diseuss?
A.The present and past times B.Machinary and human beings
C.Imaginations and inventions D.Modem technology and its influenec
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年山東省曲師大附中高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap．Some call it the summer learning setback Put simply, it means the longer kids are out of school，the more they forget．The only thing they might gain is weight．
Most American schools follow a tradltional nine-month calendar with winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation．Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes ror about eight weeks at a time，with a few weeks off in between．The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than 3,000 such schools at last count．They were spread among forty-six of the tifty states．
But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school．Brenda McLaugblin is research director at the National Center for Summer Learning at Johns Hopkins University．She says studies of year-round schooling have not found stro
ng learning gains．Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said，“Year-round schools don’t really solve the problem of the summer learning setback．They simply spread it out across the year．”
Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summler than other students．Experts say this can be prevented．They note that many schools and local 
governments offer programs that can help．
But calling them“summer school”could be a problem．The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term“summer school”．In American culture，the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood．The parents welcomed other terms like“summer camp。”“extra time”and“hands-on learning．”
【小題1】According to the first paragraph，the summer learning gap
| A．helps children to gain weight |
| B．leads children to work harder |
| C．improves children’s memories |
D．a(chǎn)ffe cts children’s regular studies |
| A．perform better and have more learning gains |
| B．have much less time for relaxation every year |
| C．have generally the same number of class days |
| D．hold more classes with more free weeks off |
| A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation． |
| B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap |
| C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar |
| D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vacation． |
| A．They are worried about the quailty of the“summer school” |
| B．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much． |
| C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap． |
| D．They can’t afford to the further study during the vacation． |
| A．Opening Summer Camps |
| B．Forbidding Summer Schools |
| C．Minding the Summer Learning Gap |
| D．Reforming Year-Round Education |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆甘肅省武威六中高三第五次診斷考試英語卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
CHICAGO (Reuters) - Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皺紋) the face and turn it yellow -- it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body -- even skin protected from the sun.
"We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement.
"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their report.
The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was.
When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably（尤其）the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wrote.
Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature（過早的）skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.
The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels（血管）beneath the skin to constrict（緊縮）, reducing blood supply to the skin.
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (組織)that supports both the skin and the internal organs.
【小題1】The best title for this passage would be_______.
| A．The danger of smoking | B．Smoking causes skin aging |
| C．Quit smoking for health | D．A survey of smokers |
| A．smoking won’t make skin protected from the sun |
| B．smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs |
| C．smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin |
| D．the age of smokers is not connected with the result of the test |
| A．it will lower blood supply to skin | B．it can make you feel tired |
| C．it can make skin come off | D．it can make blood run faster |
| A．inform people about the result of the study |
| B．a(chǎn)dvise people how to protect skin |
| C．warn people not to smoke again |
| D．introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學(xué)年廣東省汕頭市高三3月高考模擬英語試卷（解析版） 題型：信息匹配
閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請在答題卡上將對應(yīng)題號的相應(yīng)選項字母涂黑。下面是幾部榮獲奧斯卡獎的著名電影，首先請閱讀它們的海報信息：
A. 
The
Hurt Locker
US Army ordnance disposal teams disarm improvised
explosive device (IED)placed by Iraqi guerrilla fighters． B． 
Slumdog
Millionaire
TV game—show success fuels one man’s escape from poverty in this Bollywood-tinged romantic drama．
C． 
The
Departed
A policeman and a criminal go undercover and
infiltrate(滲透) each Other’s worlds in this crime
thriller． D. 
Dances
With Wolves
A nineteenth—century soldier learns to respect and then love the Lakota(拉科他族人) way of life
E． 
Brave
heart
Thirteenth—century Scot Sir William Wallace takes up
the sword to defend his people against the English． F. 
Gladiator
A slave in ancient Rome finds dignity and a reason to live in gladiatorial combat．
下面是對這幾部影片的簡要介紹，請把它們對應(yīng)的海報找出來：
1.Sergeant First Class William James，a battle．tested veteran，arrives as a new team leader in Bravo company of a U.S. Army Explosive Ordnance Disposal (E.O.D.) unit to disarm improvised explosive device in Iraq in 2004，replacing Staff Sergeant Matthew Thompson, who is killed by a radio—controlled improvised explosive device in Baghdad．
2.In AD 180，the dying Roman emperor wishes to grant temporary leadership to Maximus, but was killed by his son，Commodus, Maximus realizes the truth，but unfortunately, he is taken to Zucchabar, a Roman city in North Africa，by slave traders。There，he iS bought by Proximo, and forced to fight for his life as a gladiator in arena tournaments．
3.In the 13th century，after several years of political unrest，Scotland is invaded and conquered by King Edward I of England．Young witnesses the treachery of Longshanks, survives the death of his father and brother．Twenty or so years later, he led the people to fight against the English army, but finally he was killed．1eaving a shout“Freedom!”
4.In Mumbai，India，eighteen-year-old Jamal Malik, a former street child from the Juhu slum, is a contestant on the TV show of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire．a(chǎn)nd is one question away from the grand prize．However，he is detained and interrogated by the police，who suspect him of cheating because of the impossibility of a simple“slumdog”knowing all the answers．Jamal recounts the incidents in his life which provided him with each answer．
5.Colin is introduced to organized crime by Irish mobster Costello．Costello trains him to become a mole inside the Massachusetts State Police．Colin is accepted into the Special Investigations Unit，which focuses on organized crime．Before Billy graduates from the police academy，he is asked by Captain Queenan to go undercover, as his family ties to organized crime make him a perfect infiltrator．
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