Question

What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivate a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults，men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions（腦震蕩）in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new MRI technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month，the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory，attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic（外傷的）brain injury” , like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported，even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a conc ussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
【小題1】The passage is most probably a _________________.

A．news report	B．research report
C．story for soccer players	D．text for doctors

【小題2】From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have  _________________.

A．significant effect on one’s brain

B．little effect on one’s brain

C．nothing to do with the brain injury

D．one’s memory improved

【小題3】What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?

A．Playing soccer frequently.	B．Tests of their memory.
C．White matter loss.	D．Information processing.

【小題4】The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to ________________.

A．remembering

B．misunderstanding

C．recalling

D．missing

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】C
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：
【小題1】細節題，由第二段的第一句話For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults可以知道是研究報告，所以選B
【小題2】細節題，由最后一段最后一句forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.可以知道重大影響人的大腦，所以選A
【小題3】細節題，由倒數第三段的倒數第二行showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory可以知道是白質的損失，所以選C
【小題4】推理題，由前面的單詞forgetting可以推出那個詞是丟失的意思，所以選D
考點：本文為一篇研究報告性短文。
點評：經過研究發現，踢足球可以對大腦造成影響，先通讀全文，然后帶著問題，再讀全文，找出答題所需要的依據，完成閱讀。本文主要考查細節題，要求學生有很強的細節分析能力。