Question

Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
【小題1】Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

A．Places where people lived.

B．People’s characters.

C．Talents that people possessed.

D．People’s occupations.

【小題2】According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.

A．owned or drove a cart

B．made things with metals

C．made kitchen tools or contains

D．built houses and furniture

【小題3】Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.

A．Beatrice Smith	B．Leonard Carter
C．George Longstreet	D．Donald Greenwood

【小題4】The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _____.

A．later generations	B．friends and relatives
C．colleagues and partners	D．later sponsors

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】A

解析試題分析：
【小題1】.B 細節題。根據第五段第一行The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names.說明地名是名字的來源之一。根據第六段第一行Other early surnames came from people’s occupations.說明職業也是名字的來源之一。根據倒數第二段最后一行John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.說明人的技能也是名字的來源之一。只有B項人的性格是名字的來源，文章中沒有提及。故B正確。
【小題2】C 推理題。根據倒數第四段最后一行Potter —a person who made pots and pans.說明potter是制作鍋和罐子的，都是廚房用具，故C正確。
【小題3】D 推理題。根據第五段最后一行The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.說明這家人的名字可能是Greenwood,故D正確。
【小題4】A 推理題。根據最后一段1,2行Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John說明該詞是指Johnson是John的兒子，該詞應該是指后代的意思，故A正確。
考點：考查文化類短文閱讀
點評：本文講述了英語中名字的由來，和祖先的職業，技能，或者地名有關。本文比較簡單，考生可以先審題在讀文章，這樣可以提高閱讀的速度和閱讀的效率。