Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret. Can science help?
Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision-making, but in fact they are a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional centre is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasia, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains, and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasia thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choice, which we use to help the present decision-making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
All emotions affect our thinking and motivation，so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there is one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.
1.What does the underlined word “central” mean?
A．in the middle B．easy to reach C．important D．having power
2.Damasia’s study suggests that ________.
A．emotions are the enemy of decision-making.
B．our brain has nothing to do with decision-making.
C．people with physical damage find it hard to make up their minds.
D．our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions.
3. According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?
A．To think about happy times. B．To make many decisions at a time.
C．To stop feeling regretful about the past. D．To learn about the process of decision-making.
4. Why are angry shoppers more likely to choose the first thing they are offered?
A．They often forget their past choices. B．They make decisions without much thinking.
C．They tend to save time when shopping. D．They are too angry to bargain.
5.What do we learn from the text?
A．Emotions are a part of decision-making.
B．Sad people always make worse choices.
C．No emotion seems to help us make good choices.
D．Only sad feelings affect our thinking and motivation.
1.C
2.D
3.D
4.B
5.A
【解析】
試題分析：本文講述了影響人做出決定的多種因素，以及人的心理因素的對做決定的影響。
1.C 推理題。根據文章第一段前3行Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret.可知這里的central是指做決定對每個人都很重要。故C正確。
2.D 推理題。根據第二段前3行Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision-making, but in fact they are a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional centre is active.可知D項正確，接下來所列舉之例子正是為了解釋這個理論。
3.D 推理題。根據文章4,5,6行Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.可知了解做決定的心理發展過程是非常重要的，所以我們才要去了解這方面的內容。故D正確。
4.B 細節題。根據文章倒數第二段最后一句It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.可知他們沒有做太多的思考就做出了決定，B正確。
5.A 細節題。根據第二段前2行You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision-making, but in fact they are a part of it.說明A正確。
考點：考查科普類短文閱讀
點評：本文講述了影響人做出決定的多種因素，以及人的心理因素的對做決定的影響。本文主要考查推理題。在解題時要立足已知，推斷未知。立足現在，猜測未來。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點;要把握句、段之間的邏輯關系，了解語篇的結構。要體會文章的基調，揣摸作者的態度，摸準邏輯發展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
特高級教師點撥系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：福建省2009-2010學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
第三部分 閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。三百六十
An allowance(零用錢) is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large is an allowance appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from area to area, and from family to family.
To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work out a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures (花費) such as movie and snack. Next include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare and school supplies. “If you make the child responsible for these bills, ”says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, “he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures.”
Finally add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends, a child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers can feel left out.
It can be tough but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week. $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch. “ If you lose money” Brooke’s mother told her, “you walk home.”
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, and then she called home for a ride, “Mom made me walk home,” recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. “At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson.”
Experts advise an allowance should not be tied directly to a child’s daily chore (瑣事). Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home. That can develop his or her initiative (主動性).
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A. How to develop a child’s initiative.
B. How to work up a budget.
C. How to teach a child to save money.
D. How to teach a child to manage money matters.
2. It can be inferred from the text that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may_____.
A. spend all the money very soon
B. be spoiled and finally ruined
C. lose the money and can not return home
D. feel responsible and be careful about money
3. The underlined part “his peers”(in Para.4)probably refers to ______.
A. his friends B. his brothers C. his parents D. his teachers
4 Why does the author mention Brooke Stephens?
A. To question the opinion about pocket money.
B. To compare Stephens with other experts.
C. To explain the parents should be strict when children are developing habits about money.
D. To suggest that pocket money is useless in developing a child’s sense of responsibility.
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A．Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television.
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第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題，每題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
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A．American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents
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VeterinaryPartner．com has provided this
complete reference book online for you to skim through, expanding your
knowledge of dog and cat first aid；however, we
encourage you to buy the book to keep in your home or car as a quick reference
during an emergency．
This book is an emergency preparedness ready-reference for dogs and cats．Wise preventive measures, intelligent use of first aid principles, coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders, diseases, and problems, lead to effective health care．
A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations．
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C．Because it contains information on specific emergency situations．
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It was a party. I was 18 and it was fresher(大一新生) week. I was at the beginning of a course in English Literature and full of enthusiasm for my subject. She was also 18 and enrolled in a course in physics.
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I think I know better now, but it would have helped if we had been encouraged to think a little more outside our science and arts “boxes”.
That’s why I believe it is healthy that China is beginning a debate on whether it’s wise for young people to have to choose which direction their careers – and lives – will take at such an early age. At the moment, in their second year of high school, students must choose either the sciences or the humanities. After making the choice, they focus their energies on passing the appropriate college entrance exam.
But now, people in China are asking: Is this forced, early decision good for young people or society? Young people need time to explore, to discover where their real talents and interests lie. There are more than just a few middle-aged people out there, stuck in jobs they hate because they made the wrong choice at the wrong time.
And from the point of view of society, isn’t it better for students to delay a while before they decide what to study? Scientists can benefit from learning to develop the critical skills associated with the humanities; students in the humanities, surely, only stand to gain by finding out a little more about science and technology, which are so important to the future of a developing country like China.
With any luck, in the future young people fresh to college will be better informed about the possibilities of education than people of my generation.
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A. show that he was ready to defend the subject he enjoyed
B. lead up his argument that the sciences-humanities divide is harmful
C. prove that doing something meaningful is better than having a lot of money
D. describe how fierce students of different majors can be when arguing with each other
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A. students should not make decisions too early
B. not all people have a talent for or are interested in the sciences
C. these people did not have the chance to make a choice earlier in life
D. the earlier young people make a decision, the better it will be for them
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A. sciences are more practical in the modern world
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C. future generations will be able to get more out of education
D. a command of both the sciences and humanities is important to society
5.What’s the best title for the article?
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B. High school education in China
C. Isn’t it better to delay the choice of the career direction?
D. A better time to decide what to study
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