Question

The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings. To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. Inference is one of the commonest ways of knowing things: a child holds his knee and cries; this action implies his feeling; an observer infers that the child is hurt. To infer accurately in everyday life requires caution in observing; to infer skillfully in fiction requires caution in reading; both require disciplined imagination.
The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. For example, all stories involve a person or persons, in a particular setting, faced with a demand for a response. The response called for may be a physical action, such as defeating an adversary(對手) or escaping from a danger; or it may be a mental action, such as adjusting to others or within oneself. In either case, the short story is a description in two ways: first, it shows the motives for a given human action; second, it makes a point about the general human situation. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story.
When the reader of a story understands all the facts and their interrelationships, he is ready to infer the significance of the story as a whole---its comment on the human situation. This comment, or theme, is the seed from which the story grew. It is also the idea by which all the separate elements of the story are governed, while these in turn further shape and modify the theme. In addition to action, character, and setting, these elements include structure, mood, tone, and point of view.
Fiction reading requires an awareness of all the ways in which a story communicates. It also requires attention to detail. What the author provides is a network of points which serve as clues to his meaning. He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.
小題1:According to the author, "infer" means ________ .

A．knowingfactsbeyondthestatement

B．lookingformoreevidencesforthestatement

C．findingoutadifferentmeaningfromthestatement

D．a(chǎn)ddingsomefactstothestatement

小題2:What is inferring in fiction based on?

A．Readers’guessing.	B．Thebasicelementsofthestory.
C．Thesettingofthestory.	D．Theinterrelationshipsbetweenpeopleinthestory.

小題3:What is the implied meaning of the last sentence?

A．Inferringcanreallyhelpthereaderdevelopimaginationandenrichhimself.

B．Inferringcanhelpthereaderwriteastoryofhisown.

C．Thereadershouldlookforanexperiencedescribedinthestoryhereads.

D．Theexperiencedescribedinthestorywillleaveagreatimpactonitsreader.

小題4:What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Inferringisanartofwriting.	B．Inferringisaneedinfictionwriting
C．Inferringisthebasicskillinreadingfiction.	D．Inferringiscommoninreading.

Answer 1

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:C

試題分析：本文敘述了讀小說的藝術(shù)在于讀者的推理，文中講述了什么是推理，推理就是在描述的事實(shí)之外，你推測出來的內(nèi)容，但是推理是基于這篇小說的事實(shí)，不是憑空想象的，最后指出推理能幫助讀者發(fā)展他們的想象空間來豐富充實(shí)自己。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. 故選A。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story故選B。
小題3:推理判斷題。根據(jù)He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.推理能幫助讀者發(fā)展他們的想象空間來豐富充實(shí)自己，故選A。
小題4:主旨大意題。根據(jù)The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings.故選C。
點(diǎn)評：所謂主旨大意題，就是指那些針對文章的主要內(nèi)容、主題、標(biāo)題或?qū)懽髂康乃�設(shè)置的問題。這類題主要考查同學(xué)們在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法對文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)的能力。