In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房東) can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartment. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.
Some experts argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics hold the opinion that an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decision, such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be corrected only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
1.There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may________.
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A．cause a shortage of apartments |
|
B．worry those who rent apartments as homes. |
|
C．increase the profits of landlords. |
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D．encourage landlords to invest in building apartments. |
2.We can safely say that rent control_________.
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A．will always benefit those who rent apartments. |
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B．is unnecessary. |
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C．will probably bring inactive effects in the long run. |
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D．is necessary under all conditions |
3.There will be the problem of unemployment if ________________.
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A．the minimum wage is set too high.. |
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B．the minimum wage is set too early. |
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C．the workers are unskilled. |
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D．the maximum wage is set for poor workers. |
4.The passage tells us about _______________.
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A．the relationship between supply and demand. |
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B．the possible results of government controls. |
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C．the necessity of government control. |
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D．the urgency of getting rid of government control. |
5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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A．The results of economic decisions cannot always be predicted. |
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B．Minimum wage cannot always protect employees. |
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C．Economic theory can help predict the results of economic decision if other factors are not changing. |
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D．Economists usually have the same prediction about an economic decision. |
1.A
2.C
3.A
4.B
5.D
【解析】文章討論的是政府控制經濟的可能結果。
1.細節題。根據文章第一段最后一句According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.可知A正確。
2.推理題。根據文章第一段內容可知限制租賃價格會帶來一系列的影響，從長遠來看會導致公寓數量的不足，以及一些其他的不夠積極的影響。
3.推理題。根據文章第二段可知如果設立的最低工資過高，會讓企業不去雇傭更多的人，或者借助于機器。那樣就會有更多的人失業。故A正確。
4.主旨大意題。文章討論的是政府控制的可能結果。
5.推理題。根據文章最后一段Economists do not agree on some of the predictions.可知這兩者的預測經常是不一樣的。故D正確。
津橋教育計算小狀元系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年山西康杰中學高三第四次模擬英語卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
There is a popular view in cities, strangers are less likely to help an elderly person.
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The United States of America is the most culturally diverse(多樣化) country in the world in terms of culture religion, ethnicity(種族) and sexual orientation. As a combination of various races and cultures, America is home to all. The culture here is so unique that citizens can be just as proud of their original cultural heritage(遺產) as they are to be American.
What is now the US was initially inhabited(居住) by native people until the land was settled by various European groups and African slaves. Since the 20th century, the country has become a heaven for people from all over the globe(全球).
The arrival of immigrants(移民) has shifted populations from rural(農村的) areas into cities because immigrants tend to settle in urban areas. At present, 81 percent of the inhabitants in the US live in cities.
Cultural and ethnic diversity adds a unique flavor to cities that is expressed through distinct(獨特的) neighborhoods, restaurants, places of worship, museums, nightlife and multicultural learning environments.
Unique musical forms, such as jazz, rock and roll, Chicano music, and the blues, grow in the US by mixing a variety of culturally distinct musical traditions to create a new form.
At the executive (行政的) level, the country is headed by a mixedrace president; two posts(職位) on the Supreme Court are held by members of the country's two largest minorities.There is also diversity in state and local governments.
Without its rich mixture of races and cultures, America would not be the nation that it is today. Founded upon the basis of equality and freedom, America acts as a stage where different cultures not only coexist peacefully, but develop well.
1.According to the passage, America is a country________.
A．that welcomes people from all over the world
B．where citizens take more pride in their original culture
C．that is mostly settled by Europeans and Africans
D．where 81% of the population are immigrants
2.Where did most people live before many immigrants came to America?
A．In the urban areas. B．In the rural areas.
C．In the southern part of America. D．In the northern part of America.
3.We can learn from the sixth paragraph that________.
A．diversity(多樣化) has existed in America in almost every aspect(方面)
B．most posts in American state governments are held by mixedrace people
C．equality and freedom make America a fair country
D．diversity has greatly affected the American political field
4.What's the best title for this passage?
A．The effects of culture and diversity on America.
B．The influence of globalization on America.
C．The political development of America.
D．The bright future of America.
5.We would most probably read this passage in a book about________.
A．science B．history C．culture D．amusement
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However urban life strikes you, cities worldwide have been growing ever more rapidly. Some of this growth has occurred in the developed world, but the most dramatic increase has been in the Third World. Almost all the world’s population growth over the next 30 years will take place in the cities of developing countries
By the year 2030, for the first time in history, 60 percent of the world’s people will be living in cities.
This is actually good news in some ways. “Cities are the fundamental building blocks of prosperity,” says Marc Weiss, chairman of the Prague Institute for Global Urban Development, “ both for the nation and for families.” Industrial and commercial activities in urban areas account for between 50 and 80 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) in most countries of the world“ there’s the crazy notion that the way to deal with a city’s problems is to keep people out of them,”Weiss continued. “But the problems of the rural life are even more serious than those of the city.” For better or worse, urban-watchers are clear on one point: The quality of life for most people in the future will be determined by the quality of cities. Those cities will be bigger than ever. And yet, population numbers by themselves don’t determine a city’s prospects; after all, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Hamburg, Germany, have the same population. Nor is explosive growth necessarily the determining factor. “City problems,” one authority points out, “mostly have to do with weak, ineffective, and usually unrepresentative city governments.”
1.The passage mainly discusses ______________.
|
A．Big cities. |
B．City life. |
C．Population. |
D．Gross Domestic Product. |
2.According to the passage, in the year of 2030 _______.
|
A．there will be 21 cities having a population of more than 10 million. |
|
B．rural area will be extinct. |
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C．most people will live in cities. |
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D．the third world will keep abreast with the developed world. |
3.In the author’s opinion, _________.
|
A．better city, better life |
|
B．both urban and rural areas have a larger population |
|
C．the larger population, the faster a city develops |
|
D．both urban and rural areas have larger gross domestic products |
4.Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?
|
A．The developing countries develop faster than the developed countries. |
|
B．Cities contribute more to the GDP than the villagers. |
|
C．Some problems are more easily solved in cities than in country. |
|
D．It’s impossible to solve urban problems by getting people out of cities. |
5.The last paragraph implies that ____________.
|
A．Public services are ineffective. |
|
B．Cities are increasing too fast. |
|
C．Population is not linked with development. |
|
D．Government should be responsible for the problems in the cities. |
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Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in big, noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, fields, rivers and streams of the countryside to the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and crowds. This movement from rural(鄉下的) areas to urban areas has been going on for over two hundred years.
In many countries, the main reason people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one or two large factories have been built in or near a town, people come to find work, and soon an industrial area begins to grow. There is usually a_residential_area nearby, too. The families of these workers need schools, hospitals and shops, so many people come to live in the area to provide these services and a city grows.
In every major city in the world, there is a business district where the big companies have their main offices. In the United States, this area is usually in the city center downtown. It is here that you can see many huge skyscrapers(摩天大樓)and office blocks. The people who work here often travel a long way to work each day. Many of them live in the suburbs of the city, far away from the industrial area and the city center. Some suburbs are very pleasant, with nice houses and big gardens. There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores where you can buy all you need.
But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger and bigger? Perhaps not. Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years, and it is quite possible that one day we will see people moving out of the major cities and back into smaller towns and villages.
1.The underlined phrase “a residential area” means an area________.
|
A．where people can buy things |
|
B．which is suitable for living in |
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C．where people can do business |
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D．which is near a city center |
2.Why do people move to live in cities or towns?
|
A．Because they can live more comfortably there. |
|
B．Because they like noisy life better than peaceful life. |
|
C．Because they mainly want to find work there. |
|
D．Because they are sure of having a better life there. |
3.Which of the following statement is NOT true about the business district?
|
A．Big companies usually have their main offices in the business district. |
|
B．People usually work and live in the business district. |
|
C．A business district usually lies in the city center downtown. |
|
D．Nearly every major city has its own business district. |
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Earthquakes can also break up gas and oil pipes. This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.
Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis. These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea. They can be many meters high and cause great damage to coastal towns and cities, China, Japan, Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence(發生) of earthquakes in the world.
1.The passage is mainly about .
A. scientists who study earthquakes B. the way of measuring earthquakes
C. a usual natural disaster D. what people should do in the earthquake
2.The earthquake in Shanxi Province , which in NOT true?
A. happened in 1556 B. killed one million people
C. was the only earthquake in China D. caused a lot of damage
3. Earthquakes
A. don’t cause much damage B. are not serious
C. most possibly happen in Japan D. happen all over the world
4.According to the passage we know that tsunamis .
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B. are caused by earthquakes
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