Question

Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time. Without treatment，a bad cut can lead to permanent damage. But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention? We asked Dr. Martin Brown. Chairman of the department of emergency medicine at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia.   

First，the medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration(嚴重劃破，撕裂傷). Dr. Brown says the length is usually not as important as the depth. He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep. “If you have a short but deep laceration where there’s been a structure underneath that's been damaged a tendon，a nerve，a blood vessel,”says Martin，“it may, in fact，need professional attention. ”

Some injuries —like a fingertip that gets cut off might even require surgery to repair. That requires a specialist to either file(銼平) down the bone or reattach the fingertip. More often，filing down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful.

How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is. Minor cuts usually produce what is known as venous(靜脈)bleeding. This means the blood flows steadily from the injury. The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound. Dr. Brown says in most cases holding direct pressure with clean gauze or a cloth for four to five minutes should stop the bleeding. With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood. But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force，this may be a sign of arterial(動脈)bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible.

Even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection. Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water. Use a washcloth to clean the area if the wound is dirty. Dr Brown says cuts should be covered with a clean, dry bandage. 

1. What does the writer want to tell the readers in the first paragraph? 

A．Hospital emergency rooms always treat injured fingers.

B．A bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention.

C．Dr Martin Brown is in charge of Inova Alexandra Hospital.

D．It is important for us to be able to tell how serious a finger cut is.

2. According to the passage，_____________________.

A．a finger cut without treatment will certainly lead to permanent damage

B．the length of a cut on a finger is more important than the depth

C．a long but not very deep cut often doesn’t need professional attention

D．a short but deep laceration that’s been damaged need professional attention

3. The underlined word “reattach” in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to ________________.

A．repair

B．rebuild

C．reconstruct

D．reconnect

4. Which of the following statements in NOT true according to the passage?

A．How a wound bleeds can show us how serious the wound could be.

B．Venous bleeding will often stop when we put pressure on the wound.

C．Holding up the hand with a finger cut can reduce the loss of blood.

D．Arterial bleeding should get professional treatment as soon as possible.

5. The best title of this passage should be ______________________.

A．Hospital Emergency Treatments For Injured Fingers

B．When a Cut Finger Is More Serious Than It Might Seem

C．Serious Finger Cut That Requires Medical Attention

D．Keep Finger Cuts Clean to Prevent Serious Infection

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.B

【解析】

試題分析：

1.D 推理判斷題，根據第一段的Without treatment，a bad cut can lead to permanent damage可知，作者是為了讓讀者知道其重要性

2.C 事實細節題，根據第二段的He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep可知

3.D 猜測詞義題，根據該段前面的like a fingertip that gets cut off might even require surgery to repair可知，此處指的是要重新接上斷掉的手指

4.C 事實細節題，根據第四段的But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force，this may be a sign of arterial(動脈)bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible可知，C錯誤

5.B 主旨大意題，根據主體段第一段的內容可知，文章主要講述的是什么時候的手指切傷是嚴重的。

考點：考查科普類短文閱讀

點評：本文主要講述的是什么時候的手指切傷是嚴重的。科普類文章的關鍵在于掃除文章中的詞匯障礙，要根據上下文的串聯，同義詞，近義詞以及定義等來猜測詞義。對于文章中的細節題，要注意文章中的細節的理解。推斷題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷。