Marie Curie was a Polish-born physicist and chemist and one of the most famous scientists of her time. Together with her husband Pierre, she won the Nobel Prize in 1903, and another one in 1911.
Marie Sklodowska was born in Warsaw on 7 November 1867, the daughter of a teacher. In 1891, she went to Paris to study physics and maths at the Sorbonne where she met Pierre Curie, professor of the School of Physics. They married in 1895.
The Curies worked together studying radioactivity(放射性), building on the work of the German physicist Roentgen and the French physicist Becquerel. In July 1898, the Curies announced the discovery of polonium(釙). At the end of the year, they announced the discovery of another, radium(鐳). The Curies, along with Becquerel, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903.
Pierre’s life was cut short in 1906 when he was knocked down and killed by a carriage. Marie took over his teaching post, becoming the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne, and devoted (獻身于) herself to continuing the work that they had begun together. She received a second Nobel Prize, for Chemistry, in 1911.
The Curies’ research was important in developing X-rays in surgery. During World WarⅠ, Marie helped fixed X-ray equipment, which she herself drove to the front lines. She helped train doctors for the International Red Cross.
Although she achieved much success, men scientists in France were still against Marie, and she never received any financial help from her work. By the late 1920s her health was beginning to become worse. She died on 4 July 1934 from her dangerous research. The Curies’ eldest daughter Irene was a scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
【小題1】All the following people contributed to Marie’s first Nobel Prize EXCEPT _____.
| A．Irene | B．Pierre | C．Becquerel | D．Roentgen |
| A．won her respect from men scientists |
| B．brought her some financial help |
| C．had a bad effect on her health |
| D．had no influence on her children |
| A．①④⑤③② | B．③⑤④①② | C．⑤④①③② | D．②③⑤①④ |
| A．She married at the age of 28. |
| B．Her parent was a teacher. |
| C．She was the first woman teacher at the Sorbonne. |
| D．She helped the International Red Cross fix X-ray equipment. |
【小題1】A
【小題2】C
【小題3】B
【小題4】D
解析試題分析：文章介紹了居里夫人生平事跡，一生的成就，和對人類的貢獻。
【小題1】細節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：The Curies worked together studying radioactivity(放射性), building on the work of the German physicist Roentgen and the French physicist Becquerel.可知Irene對她第一次獲得諾貝爾獎沒有貢獻。選A
【小題2】細節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：By the late 1920s her health was beginning to become worse. She died on 4 July 1934 from her dangerous research.可知居里夫人的研究對她的健康是有危害的，選C
【小題3】排序題：從這篇文章的3，4，5段可知正確的順序是：③The Curies discovered polonium. ⑤The Curies discovered radium. ④The Curies won the Nobel Prize for Physics. ①Marie became a teacher at the Sorbonne. ②Marie helped train doctors.選B。
【小題4】細節(jié)題：從倒數(shù)第二段的句子：She helped train doctors for the International Red Cross.可知她是幫助紅十字會訓(xùn)練醫(yī)生。選D
考點：考查人物傳記類短文
點評：本文所設(shè)試題主要考查細節(jié)查找，對于文章中的細節(jié)題，要注意文本內(nèi)容的理解。關(guān)鍵是找出原文的根據(jù)，認真核查題支和原文的異同，常犯錯誤有：絕對化語言，范圍擴大或縮小，以偏概全，張冠李戴等。帶著問題，再讀全文，找出答題所需要的依據(jù)，完成閱讀。
名校課堂系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Dr. Marie Curie is known to the world as the scientist who discovered radioactive metals i.e. Radium and Polonium.
Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered two new elements and studied the x-rays they emitted. She found that the harmful properties of x-rays were able to kill tumors. By the end of World War I, Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world. She had made a conscious decision, however, not to patent methods of processing radium or its medical applications.
Marie Curie was born on November 7, 1867 in Poland and died on July 4, 1934. Her co-discovery with her husband Pierre Curie of the radioactive elements radium and polonium represents one of the best known stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901 with the Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel prize, this time for chemistry, to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radium's atomic weight.
As a child, Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory. She learned to read when she was only four years old. Her father was a professor of science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie. She dreamed of becoming a scientist, but that would not be easy. Her family became very poor, and at the age of 18, Marie became a governess. She helped pay for her sister to study in Paris. Later, her sister helped Marie with her education. In 1891, Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie, a well-known physicist.
Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of x-rays. She received two Nobel prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia, caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material.
The underlined word “emitted” in the 2nd paragraph means_______.
A. gave off B. gave away C. set out D. set off
According to the passage, which order of the following is right?
① Marie Curie worked as a governess. ② Marie Curie met and marry Pierre Curie.
③ Marie Curie learned to read. ④ Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel Prize.
⑤ Marie Curie discovered radium.
A. ①②③④⑤ B. ③①②⑤④ C. ①②③⑤④ D. ③①②④⑤
When did Marie Curie win a Nobel Prize for a chemistry?
A. In her twenties B. In her thirties C. In her forties D. In her fifties
What does the passage mainly talked about?
A. Marie Curie discovered radium B. Marie Curie, a famous chemist
C. Marie Curie won two Noble Prizes D. The brief biography of Marie Curie
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科目：高中英語 來源：安徽省阜陽一中09-10學(xué)年度高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解
C
Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who lived between 1867---1934.
Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered two new elements (radium and polonium) and studied the x-rays. She found that the harmful properties of x-rays were able to kill tumors(腫瘤). By the end of World WarⅠ, Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world. She had made a conscious decision, however, not to patent（申請專利）methods of processing radium or its medical applications.
Marie Curie was born on November 7, 1867, in Poland and died on July 4, 1934.
Her co-discovery with her husband Pierre Curie of the radioactive elements radium and polonium represents one of the best known stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901with the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry, to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radium’s atomic weight.
As a child, Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory. She learned to read when she was only four years old. Her father was a professor of science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie. She dreamed of becoming a scientist, but that would not be easy. Her family became very poor, and at the age of 18, Marie became a governess(家庭教師). In 1891, Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie, a well-known physicist.
Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of x-rays. She received two Noble Prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia, caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material.
64. What does the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To give us a general introduction of Marie Curie.
B. To show us how Madame Curie discovered radium.
C. To tell us how Madame Curie received the Noble Prize.
D. To let us know something about Madame Curie’s childhood.
65. In this passage the underlined word “isolating” probably means________.
A. discovering B. inventing C. separating D. comparing
66. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Marie Curie could learn things by heart very easily as a child.
B. Marie Curie had a great ambition when she was young.
C. Marie Curie found it hard for her to receive high education.
D. Marie Curie received two Noble Prizes in physics.
67. Which is the right order of happenings in this passage?
a. married Pierre Curie b. attended University
c. discovered radium d. determined radium’s atomic weight
e. won the Noble Prize in physics
A. b, c, a, d, e B. b, a, c, d, e C. b, a, c, e, d D. b, c, a, e, d
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年內(nèi)蒙古包頭三十三中高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She created shelters, education opportunities and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Noble Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907-1964)
Rachel Carson was born in the rural river town of Springdale, Pennsylvania in America. The popular 1962 book “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson made people realize the dangers and the harmful effects(影響) of pollution on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Angela Merkel (1954- )
In 2005, Germans chose Angela Merkel as their first woman head of the country. She had been a scientist in the past. As Germany’s leader, she has had an effect on the whole world.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930- )
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work because she was a woman. However, she became the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court(最高法院）in 1981 after years of hard work.
Margaret Thatcher(1925- )
In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Britain’s first woman Prime Minister. She served until 1990, which made her the first British leader to serve three terms in a row. Because of her high standards and strong will, people called her Britain’s Iron Lady.
Marie Curie (1867-1934 )
Polish-born scientist Marie Curie discovered that some types of metal give off energy called radiation. Her research led to new medical treatments and arms. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911.
【小題1】Who once won the Nobel Prize?
| A． Jane Addams and Marie Curie |
| B．Jane Addams and Margaret Thatcher. |
| C．Marie Curie and Angela Merkel |
| D．Marie Curie and Rachel Carson |
| A．help the poor |
| B．spread geographic knowledge |
| C．protect the environment |
| D．protect the rights of women |
| A．Jane Addams | B．Sandra Day O’Connor |
| C．Rachel Carson | D．Margaret Thatcher |
| A．Great women. | B．Famous scientists |
| C．Strong leaders | D．Ways to success for women |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年陜西咸陽實驗中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期第三次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Today many people say that women have the same chance as men in society. But this was not always so. In the past, women all over the world had to fight to get the same chance as men in education and jobs. Many people said that women should not receive much education because they would not do as well as men when they went to work.
One woman who showed that women should have the same chance was Marie, a scientist. In the 1800s scientists knew that a metal, uranium, gave off radiation. They also knew how much radiation came from his element. But they didn’t know what this radiation was like; they wondered why and how uranium gave off radiation. Marie Curie set out to answer these questions. In one of her experiments she was studying a certain material which, she knew, contained uranium, But it gave off 4 times as much radiation as usually does. What could explain this fact? Marie Curie thought that there must be another source of radiation in this material.
In 1898 Marie Curie set out to find out this new source of radiation, which she named “radium”. Her husband, who was also a scientist, helped her. They set up a laboratory in an old building behind a school. For four years Curies searched, doing many experiments, And one morning in 1902 Marie found the source of the radiation.
Marie Curie proved to the world that there was element that gave off radiation. And she also proved to the world that, if women are given truly equal chance, they can really help society.
1.The scientists of Marie Curie’s day knew .
|
A．that uranium gave off radiation |
|
B．that radium gave off radiation |
|
C．that there was some radium in uranium |
|
D．that uranium and radium both gave off radiation |
2.The Curies found the element radium .
|
A．with other scientists’ help |
B．by asking some famous scientists |
|
C．by doing many experiments |
D．with their teachers’ help |
3.In the past many people thought .
|
A．that women must get the same chance as men in education and jobs |
|
B．that women should receive much education |
|
C．that women should get good jobs |
|
D．that women could not do the work well |
4.Marie Curie proved to people .
|
A．that there was a new element uranium |
|
B．that there was a new element radium |
|
C．that women could do their work as well as men if they were really given the same conditions |
|
D．both B and C |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011年陜西普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解
Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.
Born in September, 1987, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies’ two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris.
Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities（設(shè)備） to help save the lives of wounded soldiers.Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgrum. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military’s Medal by the French government.
In 1918, Irene became her mother’s assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taugh him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.
Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity（輻射能）. Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.
1.Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?
A.Because she received a degree in mathematics.
B.Because she contributed to saving the wounded.
C.Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.
D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.
2.Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederio joliot?
A.At the Curie Institute. B.At the Cniversity of Paris.
C.At a military hospital. D.At the College of Sevigne.
3.When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?
A. In 1932. B. In 1927. C. In 1897. D. In 1926.
4. In which of the following aspects was Irene Cuire different from her mother?
A.Irene worked with radioactivity. B.Irene combined family and career.
C.Irene won the Nobel Prize once D.Irene died from leukemia.
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