Question

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步機). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤腳).
Researchers from the JKM Technologies company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.
The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.

B．Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.

C．Running in shoes is partly good to runners.

D．Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases.

小題2:Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?

A．Toes.

B．Hips.

C．Feet.

D．Legs.

小題3:What can we learn from the passage?

A．The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.

B．We should start running barefoot in no time.

C．Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels.

D．We won’t be injured if we run barefoot.

小題4:What is the writer’s attitude towards the use of the modern running shoes?

A．Persuasive.

B．Negative.

C．Objective.

D．Supportive.

Answer 1

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:C

試題分析：文章主要闡述了兩項研究的結果。兩項新的研究顯示，穿跑鞋對運動員的傷害會很大，而赤腳跑步能夠減輕對膝蓋、腳踝等的傷害。
小題1:根據第一段“Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.”第四段“They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot.”和第八段“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.”可知，這兩項研究都表明，赤腳跑步對運動員更有益處，故選D。
小題2:根據第四段“They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot.”可知，跑鞋會帶來更多的壓力，從而對膝蓋、臀部和踝關節造成傷害。故選B。
小題3:根據倒數第四段“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.”可知，赤腳跑步的運動員，腳的前部或中部先落地，這樣做會減輕落地時的沖擊，不會傷到腳后跟，故選A。
小題4:根據“Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. ...Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot.”可知，兩項研究都顯示，跑鞋對運動員的傷害很大，作者反對穿跑鞋進行跑步。故選C。