A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(長期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.
The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遺傳) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”
【小題1】What does the passage mainly tell us?
| A．Four categories of heavy drinkers. |
| B．Heavy drinking affects college students. |
| C．Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making. |
| D．People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers. |
| A．Low binge drinkers | B．moderate binge drinkers |
| C．Increasing binge drinkers | D．Stable binge drinkers |
| A．adolescent students were not suitable for drinking |
| B．drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain |
| C．the brain has not fully developed during adolescence |
| D．drinking will make the students make dangerous choices |
| A．he is quite clear about what the important issue is |
| B．if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect |
| C．the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making |
| D．only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected |
【小題1】C
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：文章介紹了一個研究結果，在年輕的時候就長期喝酒的年輕人在做決定方面很差，分析了原因和問題。
【小題1】主旨題：從文章第一段的句子：A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(長期的) alcoholics.可知很早就喝酒的年輕人不擅長做決定。選C
【小題2】細節題：從第三段的句子：“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,”可知長期或經常喝酒的年輕人可能做出最不好的選擇。選D
【小題3】細節題：從第四段的句子：There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遺傳) on psychological development,”早早就開始喝酒的年輕人大腦沒有得到很好的發展。選C
【小題4】細節題：從最后一段的句子：we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”可知 Kenneth J. Sher
認為重要的事情是很明顯的。選A
考點：考查社會現象類短文
點評：閱讀本文時要注意作者組織本文的結構：引題——論據——論點，只有把握了作者的中心論點，做題時才不會偏離議論中心。題目設置重點是推理題，通過文章的重點句子，理解作者的真正意圖。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Sitting by her Pinocchio lamp, she smiled at me as her tiny hands' shadow danced on the bedroom wall．"A rabbit!" she laughed with all the delight of a four-year old．Her blue eyes shone with pride as she showed me the animated image she had created．"Daddy, will you show me how to make a tiger?" she asked．"Sure," I said, "and then we'll read a story and tell your angels goodnight．"To my youngest daughter, that meant her bedtime prayer．
Today my daughter is seven, and I no longer get to read the story．She reads it to me, complete with expressive accents for the story characters．
To say I'm proud of our relationship would be an understatement．We have shared days of joy as well as tragedy．Our time together has strengthened the relationship of love and special "life stuff" that is all our own．
I am richer for having planted the spirit of trust in this gentle little person; we have grown together spiritually, learning much from each other．The special times we spend together, like nights by a Pinocchio lamp, create memories that we will treasure for the rest of our lives．
So it is with all of our relationships．The trust factor is vital for relationships to develop．Think of one of your fondest memories, and you will no doubt find a remarkable relationship at its center--one with a spiritual quality that shines outward from the heart．
Time together, caring acts, and unconditional love build trust．I suggest that we each spend plenty of time with our personal "Pinoechio lamps"--those special ways that we choose to strengthen our relationships．
Relationships take time to develop and maintain．It is not always easy, but the results are priceless．"Nights by a Pinoechio lamp", wherever those might be for you, will create enduring relationships of golden "life stuff", spiritual gifts that no one can take away．
The underlined words in the third paragraph refer to all EXCEPT ______．
A．hands' shadow dancing on the wall
B．reading bed stories
C．sharing each other's tragedy
D．praying to the angels for goodnight
Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．The author thinks the relationship with his daughter is so simple that he can't describe with plenty of words．
B．If you take time to attempt to build relationship, you will find it easy to get the satisfactory results．
C．Plant the spirit of trust into others and you will create valuable memories for each other．
D．It's not worth spending time developing relationship if you meet the failure at last．
Why does the author write the passage?
A．To recall his fondest memories．
B．To stress the importance of trust in building relationships．
C．To explain how to create valuable memories．
D．To tell the readers how to educate children．
Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Life Stuff Of Your Own
B．Nights by a Pinocchio Lamp
C．Unconditional gifts---Love
D．A spiritual quality shining outward from the heart
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆遼寧省丹東市寬甸二中高三下學期第一次診斷性測試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：完型填空
The world always makes way for the dreamer.
When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Zigler. I remember sitting in that dark hall listening to Mr. Zigler 1 everyone’s spirits up to the ceiling. I ___2___there feeling like I could do anything. When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to 3 people feel like that.” My father asked me 4 I meant. “I want to be a motivational(激發積極性的)speaker just like Mr. Zigler,” I replied. A（An） 5 was born.
Recently, I began seeking my dream of motivating others. 6 a four-year relationship with Fortune 100 Company 7 as a sales-trainer and ending as a regional(地區的) sales manager, I left the company at the height of my 8 . Many people were 9 that I would leave after earning a six-figure income(收入). And they wondered__10 I would risk everything for a dream.
I made my 11 to start my own company and leave my worryingless position(職位)after _12__ a regional sales meeting. The vice-president of our company made a 13 that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be?” After giving us a 14 to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a 15 ?” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment. I realized that 16 I had accomplished in the past had prepared me for this moment. I was ready and didn’t need a god’s help to become a motivational speaker. A motivational speaker was 17 .
Having made that decision, I was immediately 18 ___. One week after I gave notice, my husband was laid off (下崗) from his job, and now we had no 19 . But I held fast to my dream. The wonder really began to happen. In a short time my husband found a better job. And I was able to book several 20 engagements（業務）with new customers. I discovered the unbelievable power of dreams.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆重慶市高一下學期4月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
A growing number of college students are applying to take entry tests for medical and dental （牙科的） schools among increasing graduate unemployment in Korea.
“I’ve decided to apply for the test to enter a medical college to become a doctor, changing from my original plan to prepare for a lawyer qualification exam in order to get a more stable job in the future,” said a 24-year-old college graduate, Lee, who majored in business administration during his undergraduate schooling.
The new medical and dental school system is getting popularity, attracting an increasing number of students every year since its appearance in 2004, as it is open to all college graduates regardless of their previous majors.
The Education Development introduced the new medical and dental education system, in which college students with bachelor’s degrees are allowed to study medicine or dentistry by taking the Medical Education Test (MET) and Dental Education Test (DET).
Ten medical schools and six dental colleges that have used the new system have received 4,377 applications (申請) for the entrance exams.
Applicants are getting younger compared with those in their 20s representing 76.9 percent of the total. The tests might be easier for students with biology and chemistry majors, but graduates from other majors are also applying for the tests.
Under the existing medical and dental education system, students should take a two-year premedical course followed by a four-year medical course.
Students graduating under the new medical or dental education system are given master’s degrees, while those graduates who studied under the previous system have bachelor’s degrees.
1.Why do more and more Korean students apply for medical schools?
A．Because doctors are highly respected in Korea.
B．Because they want to get a more stable job.
C．Because medicine is easier to learn than other subjects.
D．Because the medical education system is reasonable.
2.Students in the old system may spend _______ years at college to get bachelor’s degrees.
A．two B．four C．six D．seven
3.We can learn from the passage that _______.
A．it takes a longer time to get the master’s degree in the old system
B．students may find it a lot easier to get a bachelor’s degree in medicine
C．graduates from other majors like history are not allowed to apply for those schools
D．the new system are not so popular as expected because of its high unemployment
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A．New Medical and Dental School System Is Carried Out in Korea
B．Korean College Students Have a New Job Choice
C．Korean College Students Rush to Medical and Dental Schools
D．Doctors Are Becoming Popular in Korea
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年遼寧省鐵嶺市六協作高三第三次合考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
What is the difference between a college and a university? This is a good question for students who want to attend a college or a university in the United States.
Colleges and universities have many things in common. Both provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. Both provide education in the arts and sciences. And both can help prepare young people to earn a living.
Students who complete their undergraduate studies either at a four-year college or a university receive a bachelor’s degree. One difference is that many colleges do not offer graduate studies.
Universities are generally bigger, offer more programs and do more research. Modern universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university” comes from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common purpose. The word “college” comes from a Latin word with a similar meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live in. Usually each group of students was studying the same thing. So college came to mean an area of study. But a college can also be a part of a university. The first American universities divided their studies into a number of areas and called each one a college. This is still true.
Programs in higher learning may also be called schools. The University of Arizona in Tucson, for example, has 18 colleges and 10 schools. They include the colleges of pharmacy (制藥學), education, engineering and law. They also include the schools of architecture, dance and public administration.
College is also used as a general term for higher education. A news report might talk about “college students” even if they include students at universities. Or someone might ask, “Where do you go to college?”
Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. These are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They include language, philosophy and mathematics. The purpose is to train a person’s mind instead of teaching job skills.
1.The passage is probably written to _________.
A．persuade students to go to college instead of schools
B．tell students the differences between colleges and universities
C．help students make a better choice of what kind of colleges they should go to
D．inform students about how much they are going to spend in going to college
2.When the term “college students” appears in a newspaper, it may refer to ________.
A．only students studying in colleges
B．students studying in colleges in the USA
C．only students studying in universities
D．students receiving higher education
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A．Both universities and colleges include different schools.
B．The purpose of liberal arts is to train a person’s job skill.
C．Both universities and colleges can help prepare students to make a living.
D．Most American universities have 18 colleges and 10 schools.
4.The area of study called liberal arts is designed to _______.
A．get students ready to earn a living
B．teach students subjects from engineering to philosophy
C．help students achieve a stronger and clearer mind
D．encourage more students to begin the study of arts
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010屆廣東省廣州市高三上學期期末考試 題型：信息匹配
第二節：信息匹配（共5題；每小題2分，滿分10分）
閱讀下列應用文及相關信息，并按照要求匹配信息，請將答案填涂在答題卡標號為56-60的相應位置上。（注意：如選E，則同時填涂A 和B ； 如選F，則同時填涂C 和D 。）
A. Located in the village of Misenheimer, North Carolina, Pfeiffer University
is a small private school with about 1,000 undergraduates. The small-town atmosphere fits with those who come from smaller high schools or feel more secure in a close-knit environment as opposed to a large state school with 20,000 undergraduates.
Changes have made the school even better than ever, new science and lab buildings, a cafeteria, and upperclassmen dorms provide great opportunities for incoming students. For athletes, Pfeiffer has sports teams for baseball, lacrosse, men’s and women’s basketball, and soccer, as well as many others, including intramurals.
B. Set in a city, Rutgers has an enrollment of 3,700 undergraduates. With over 40 majors, the college is known for engineering and business accounting. Rutgers is a commuter campus with half of first –year students living in college housing and
fewer than 20 percent of undergraduates living on campus. The college is located a mile from Philadelphia.
Rutgers has many sports as well as lots of activities available. There are many courses in business accounting major. And there are even seven types of engineering majors. More than half the applicants are accepted , and more than 75 percent of the students return for sophomore year.
C. The United States Naval Academy is one of the best in the world and has trained cadets since 1845. The academy is a four-year college; the campus offers appointments for citizens until the age of 23. USNA has career options such as political science and helps students become commissioned officers in the Navy or Marine Corps.
The United States Naval Academy offers 21 majors, and the dropout rate is less than five percent. This school is difficult, but anyone can pass if they’re willing to work hard. It takes four years to earn a bachelor’s and more for a master’s degree, depending on what you want to study. In addition, cadets are trained to have discipline. During the summer, they can join overseas units for training.
D. The University of Delaware has over 16,000 undergraduates and almost 3,000 graduate students in a midsize college town atmosphere. Even with so many students, U of D still provides the highest quality undergraduate education available. The University of Delaware has over 100 majors for undergraduates, ranging from accounting to wildlife conservation. It also has world-class programs in business, chemical engineering, and biotechnology. It is one of only four schools in North America with a major in art conservation.
If academics aren’t all you want in a college, the University of Delaware has many athletic programs too. Its 23 varsity sports compete in the NCAA Division I.
E. Bennett College is a small, private, historically black liberal arts school for women founded in 1873. The college offers an education conducive to excellence in scholarly pursuits; preparation for leadership roles in the workplace, society; and the world; and life-long learning in a technologically advanced, complex global society.
With small classes for individual help, students are able to excel and build purposeful relationships with teachers. The college offers a variety of majors and dual majors with surrounding schools. Bennett takes great pride in its academic and social reputation and is highly looked upon by other schools and organizations.
F. In an age when attending your first – choice college could mean spending $30,000 or even $40,000 a year, the small –town atmosphere yet big-name reputation of Truman States University is appealing. The Princeton Review ranks Truman as the fourth best public college value in the nation.
Truman provides countless opportunities for student involvement, on-campus activities, and athletics. The town of Kirksville has a feeling of home away from home. You can attend Truman for $11,540(including room and board) if you live in-state. In addition, 94 percent of freshmen are awarded scholarships, and 97 percent receive some financial aid.
The learning environment will prepare students for life after college. Last year Truman placed 99.5 percent of graduates in a graduate/professional program or on to the first step in their career path. Even more impressive,54 percent of graduates attended top graduate, medical, dental, and law schools.
以下是幾位學生的信息， 請匹配每個人應選擇的院校：
56． Adam is inquiring about service academies and plans to trade in his college partying for discipline and a rewarding career after college.
57. Ray is looking for a strong academic school in a small-town setting with a competitive athletics program to continue his academic career.
58. Robert is searching for a midsize college in an urban setting with plenty of activities. It offers excellent academics and a competitive sports program.
59. When Kathy was starting the college search process, she made a list of attributes that she wanted in a school. They are affordable, academically competitive and personal.
60. Mike wants to major in business accounting and is looking for a school which is relatively easy to get in.
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