Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research suggests. What's more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the University College London team found.
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat，refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for. He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people's diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated fats and sugars.
【小題1】The text is mainly about .
| A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population |
| B．the link between processed food and depression |
| C．the relationship between physical and mental health |
| D．the emotional state of the British People |
| A．They are of different ages from young to old. |
| B．They are from different walks of life. |
| C．They chose the diet they preferred. |
| D．Their state are also affected by other factors. |
| A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. |
| B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. |
| C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. |
| D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. |
| A．our diets are closely related to our mental health |
| B．the present study needs more facts and other information |
| C．the UK population will become ill in the near future |
| D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in |
| A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. |
| B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy. |
| C．To encourage people to cut down on processed food. |
| D．To introduce some experts on the research team. |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】A
【小題5】C
解析試題分析：
【小題1】B 主旨大意題。根據文章第一段內容Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research suggests. What's more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression攝入健康的飲食的人患抑郁癥的危險要遠小于那些攝入過于精細的事物的人。故本文講述的是健康與飲食的關系。B正確。
【小題2】D 細節題。根據第四段1,2行Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for.可知影響整個結果的還有另外一些的原因如生活方式等。故D正確。
【小題3】A 推理題。根據文章倒數第三段the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high. 說明如果你生活在英國，你吃到Mediterranean diet的可能性并不高。故A正確。
【小題4】A 細節題。根據倒數第二段最后兩行this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health. 說明Dr. Andrew McCulloch也認為事物和健康之間有很強的聯系。故A正確。
【小題5】C 推理題。本文講述了一個調查—關于飲食和健康的關系。告訴我們攝入過去精細的食物對我們的健康有很大的影響。是為了說服人們以后不要吃這樣的食物，或者減少這樣的食物的攝入量。故C正確。
考點：考查健康類短文閱讀
點評：本文講述的是健康與飲食的關系。告訴我們攝入健康的飲食的人患抑郁癥的危險要遠小于那些攝入過于精細的事物的人。文章內容較為簡單，在審題時注意上下文的串聯理解，閱讀中要注意上下文之間的關系。然后帶著問題，再讀全文，找出答題所需要的依據，完成閱讀。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從31～40各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Life on Land probably began about 430 millions years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as much as 3,000 million years. When we think of the first thing on land, we probably think of strange 31 coming out of the oceans, but in fact no animals could have been 32 if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They 33 the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessity, since then, the plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store 34 .
The first plants to exist out of water were probably 35 kinds of algae ( 海藻 ) which were 36 by other plants that grow 37 to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce. Once the move to land had been made, however, evolution (進化) took place quickly. By the end of 100 million years, plants had developed their 38 , and some had got tree-like forms since 39 was very important in gaining sunlight. About 30 million years ago, much of the world was covered with forests of huge trees. In most
ways they were like 40 modern trees. They had roots, leaves, wood, but mostly they had not developed seeds.
A. tree B. plants C. seeds D. animals
A. living B. making C. dying D. eating
A. offered B. supplied C. gave D. afforded
A. heat B. sunlight C. energy D. water
A. many B. little C. sure D. certain
A. followed B. made C. copied D. existed
A. close B. far C. strong D. tall
A. branches B. trunks C. roots D. leaves
A. weight B. height C. soil D. water
A. modern B. ancient C. big D. small
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For photographers lacking training, experience and even the ability to click a shutter button, they produce remarkable pictures．Under the sea, deep in the woods and high in the sky, furry, feathery and leathery-skinned creatures are opening up vistas（遠景）by taking cameras where no human can go．
This is the world of animal-borne imagine celebrated last month at a conference sponsored(supported) by the National Geographic Society for the 20th anniversary of its Crittercam, the device that started it all．
Since its debut（首次公開露面）in 1987 on the back of a turtle, the Crittercam and similar devices developed by others have grown smaller and more powerful．
“It’s more than just a camera now,” said Greg Marshall, the marine biologist and now filmmaker who invented the Crittercam．“We are now including more instruments to gather more data while at the same time reducing everything in size．”
The idea of attaching video cameras to animals came to Mr．Marshall in 1986 on a dive off Belize when a shark apporached him．When the animal quickly turned away, he noticed a shark with a sucker fish on its belly．He came up with the idea that putting a camera in place of the sucker fish would allow people to witness the shark’s behavior without disturbing it．
Crittercams have been attached to sharks, sea lions and other marine animals, and, more recently, to land animals．
Birds are a new addition, Mr．Marshall said．Dr．Christian Rutz of Oxford recently reported on tiny cameras called feathercams that monitor the crows in the South Pacific．It has discovered that crows are smarter than anyone knew they not only use twigs（嫩枝）and grass stems as tools to root out food, but they also save their favorite tools to use again．
Tracey L．Rogers, director of the Australian Marine Mammal Research Center in Sydney, said crittercam was a powerful tool in her work with leopard seals（豹斑海豹）in Antarctica．“In studying animals,” Dr．Rogers said at the meeting, “you want to see how our animal models align（與……一致）with reality．With a camera, you actually see what they do．You don’t have to guess．”
【小題1】What’s the text mainly about?
| A．The advantages of crittercam． |
| B．The development of Crittercams in the past 20 years． |
| C．How crittercam was invented． |
| D．How crittercam works． |
| A．The sight of sucker fish clinging to a shark on a dive． |
| B．The thought of how to photograph animals better． |
| C．Noticing a shark eating a sucker fish on a dive． |
| D．Seeing a shark with a camera on its belly on a dive． |
| A．can clear up all your doubts about animals |
| B．is the most powerful tool in studying animals |
| C．enabled her to observe the crows in the South Pacific closely |
| D．helped a lot with her research on leopard seals in Antarctica |
| A．the size is becoming smaller |
| B．more instruments are involved to gather more data |
| C．they allow researchers to see where and how animals live |
| D．they are able to be applied to smaller animals such as birds |
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Work your brain!
Between 2 and 3 pounds of wonder, it controls everything we say, do or think, who we are and what we care about. The way we walk or laugh or figure out things. What we like and the talents we possess. How we see and talk and run and jump and process our food.
The brain uses 20 percent of our body’s oxygen and 20 percent of its blood. Somewhere within its protein, fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells, it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. Change our temperature so we don’t die because of the heat or cold. Speed us up or slow us down. Help us choose between orange juice or orangeflavored drinks.
Its complexity are stunning, far beyond anything most of us can imagine. To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated. Good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. Mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age.
“It’s very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active,” said neurologist Malcolm Stewart.“People cannot stop aging, but you’re able to reduce the damage; you’re able to keep the function up.”
Following are Dr. Stewart’s advice for improving brain health：
|
Nutrition |
Avoid fast food. Follow the old adage(格言): For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar. |
|
Exercise |
Do a combination of stretching aerobic and muscle strengthening every day. |
|
Mental games |
Try to have a sense of hope about the future. Do puzzles. Listen to music. Reach out to others to make their lives better. |
1.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ______.
A. inform us how the brain works
B. give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy
C. tell us that the brain plays an important role in our lives
D. show how special the brain is to us
2.The underlined word “stunning” means ______.
A. interesting B. strange C. significant D. amazing
3.According to the text，more exercise ______.
A. keeps our mind sharp
B. helps improve our memory
C. gives our brain a rest
D. is good for brain cells communicating with each other
4.In order to keep brain healthy，we should avoid ______.
A. eating a good lunch B. doing puzzles
C. eating a large supper D. taking aerobic exercise
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Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research suggests. What's more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the University College London team found.
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat，refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for. He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people's diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated fats and sugars.
1.The text is mainly about .
|
A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population |
|
B．the link between processed food and depression |
|
C．the relationship between physical and mental health |
|
D．the emotional state of the British People |
2.What do we know about the participants?
|
A．They are of different ages from young to old. |
|
B．They are from different walks of life. |
|
C．They chose the diet they preferred. |
|
D．Their state are also affected by other factors. |
3.What can we learn from what Dr. Archana Singh Manoux said?
|
A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. |
|
B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. |
|
C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. |
|
D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. |
4.Dr. Andrew McCulloch agrees that .
|
A．our diets are closely related to our mental health |
|
B．the present study needs more facts and other information |
|
C．the UK population will become ill in the near future |
|
D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in |
5.Why might the author have written this text?
|
A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. |
|
B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy. |
|
C．To encourage people to cut down on processed food. |
|
D．To introduce some experts on the research team. |
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根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Ancient Rome was one of the world’s most powerful empires more than 2,000 years ago. The Romans’ ideas about roads, laws, government and buildings still influence us today. Italy is shaped like a boot.
The Colosseum in Rome was built during the time of the Roman Empire, in the first century A.D. 71 It is a popular tourist attraction today.
Italy is well-known for its designers, who create cars, handbags, clothes, shoes and other items that are in demand for their style and fine workmanship.
Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than in the past. 72 Today, manufacturing and tourism are the main sources of income. There are some big companies, but Italy has many smaller companies, too.
73 The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs, so it is not as prosperous.
Italy is a member of the European Union, a group of countries that join together for better trade. The currency, or money, they use is called the “euro”.
Food and eating good meals are important to Italians. 74
Popular foods include pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza．McDonald’s is also popular there.
Many families still eat their main meal in the middle of the day. 75 Families spend a lot of time together.
A. The family is very important to the Italian way of life.
B. The country used to depend on agriculture.
C. Mountains cover about three-fourths of the country.
D. It could seat about 50,000 people, who went to see fights between animals and people.
E. While there are some supermarkets, many people shop at small, neighborhood markets.
F. Italy has several islands off the coast.
G. The northern part of the country is the main manufacturing center.
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