A study led by Professor Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University and the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer Hospital has determined that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers (同齡人). Tracking 18-to 21-year-old men enlisted in the Israeli army in the largest ever study of its kind, he has been able to demonstrate an important connection between the number of cigarettes young males smoke and their IQ.
The average IQ for a non-smoker was about 101, while the smokers’ average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94, the study determined. The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were lower still, at about 90. An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders(心理疾病), falls within the range of 84 to 116.
An addiction that doesn’t discriminate(歧視)
“In the health profession, we’ve generally thought that smokers are most likely the kind of people who have grown up in difficult neighborhoods, or who’ve been given less education at good schools,” says Weiser, whose study was reported in a recent version of the journal, Addiction, “But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we’ve been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor. The government might want to rethink how it arranges its educational resources on smoking.
Making the results more significant, the study also measured effects in twin brothers. In the case where one twin smoked, the non-smoking twin registered a higher IQ on average.
Although a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction, the representing data on IQ and smoking found that most of the smokers investigated in the study had IQs within the average range, nevertheless.
In the study, researchers took data from more than 20,000 men before, during and after their time in the military. All men in the study were considered in good health, since pre-screening(篩選的)measures for suitability in the army had already been taken. The researchers found that around 28 percent of their samples smoked one or more cigarettes a day, 3 percent considered themselves ex-smokers, and 68 percent said they never smoked.
“People on the lower end of the average IQ tend to display poorer overall decision-making skills when it comes to their health,” says Weiser. He adds that his finding can help address serious concern among heath counsellors at grade and high schools.
1.The study led by Professor Mark Weiser shows that .
|
A．the IQ of smoking males is lower than that of non-smokers |
|
B．the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of non-smokers |
|
C．the IQ of smoking males is the same as that of non-smokers |
|
D．the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of female smokers |
2.According to the passage, a smoking man’s IQ is most likely to be .
|
A．101 |
B．94 |
C．80 |
D．120 |
3.What can be learned from the passage?
|
A．People in the military are more likely to become smokers than other people. |
|
B．Most heavy smokers are found to have mental problems. |
|
C．Socio-economic backgrounds have nothing to do with smoking behaviour. |
|
D．People with lower IQs tend to be less good at controlling their addiction to smoking. |
4.What is the meaning of the underlined part “An addiction that doesn’t discriminate”?
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A．Smokers do not believe their IQ is affected by being addicted to smoking. |
|
B．All people, no matter what their background, can become addicted to smoking. |
|
C．Smoking is an addiction, and we must not discriminate against smokers. |
|
D．The addiction to smoking is difficult to get rid of. |
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.B
【解析】
試題分析：
1.A 細節題。根據第一段2,3行that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers (同齡人).說明A正確。
2.B 細節題。根據第二段1,2行the smokers’ average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94說明抽煙的年輕人的平均智商可能是94，故B正確。
3.D 推理題。根據第五段第一行a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction,說明智商低的抽煙的人在吸煙成癮方面危險更大，也就是說他們可能無法控制自己在這方面的癮，故D正確。
4.B 細節題。根據第三段4,5行But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we’ve been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor.說明該研究的對象中有來自各行各業的人，也就是說各個社會階層的人都吸煙，即B項，所有人，無論他的背景怎么樣，都有可能吸煙上癮，故B正確。
考點：考查健康保健類短文閱讀
點評：文章介紹了有吸煙能讓人的智商下降。主要考查考生的推理能力和細節的把握能力。
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Those
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71 But science may have just proved them right – because beautiful women are more likely to have daughters than their plainer counterparts, according to a study.
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Dr Satoshi Kanazawa, of the London School of Economics, analysed data from a survey of 17,000 babies born in Britain in March 1958 and tracked them throughout their lives. 73 When they reached 45, they were asked about the gender of any children they had.
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|
C．Beauty is of more benefit to a woman than a man. |
|
D．At the age of seven, their attractiveness was rated by their teachers. |
E. Put another way, the beautiful women were more likely to have daughters.
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1. But science may have just proved them right – because beautiful women are more likely to have daughters than their plainer counterparts, according to a study.
As parents tend to pass on genes that determine looks, this could result in handsome men becoming rather thin on the ground. 2. For example, Yasmin Le Bon is signed to the same modelling agency as daughter Amber, and Jerry Hall’s daughters Elizabeth and Georgia Jagger have both taken to the catwalk.
Dr Satoshi Kanazawa, of the London School of Economics, analysed data from a survey of 17,000 babies born in Britain in March 1958 and tracked them throughout their lives. 3. When they reached 45, they were asked about the gender of any children they had.
Those rated as attractive were equally likely to have a son or daughter as their first child – but the unattractive sorts were more likely to have a son. 4.
Dr Kanazawa believes that parents tend to produce children who benefit from their own features. 5. So it pays for attractive women to have daughters. But couples blessed with strength and aggression rather than looks are better off having boys, as these characteristics are of more use to males.
A. Women are becoming more beautiful over the generations because attractive women have
more children than plain ones.
B. Single girls have always complained that good-looking men are difficult to find.
C. Beauty is of more benefit to a woman than a man.
D. At the age of seven, their attractiveness was rated by their teachers.
E. Put another way, the beautiful women were more likely to have daughters.
F. And it may also explain why many models have daughters who follow in their fascinating footsteps.
G. Famously good-looking parents like Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes are more likely to have girls than uglier couples.
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