Retirement Age
Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely．The " standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011．However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries．
There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able．Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire．Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees to and are more willing to implement company policies than the young．A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people．To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over．
Allowing old people to work indefinitely （無限地）, however, is not always a good policy．Some people took the strong view that age alone is no guarantee of ability．Many young employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area for most of their working lives．Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization．On the other hand, older people should be rewarded by society for their life' s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy leisure．They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans or roles and achieve their retirement goals．
With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers．However, this can affect the older individual' s freedom—and right—to work．In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual．
【小題1】According to the passage, older people should go on with work because ____.
| A．they will help the business not to fail quickly |
| B．they have grasped much practical experience |
| C．they need to have a sense of achievement |
| D．they want to learn more knowledge |
| A．take over | B．work on | C．get rid of | D．carry out |
| A．older people can' t do their work well |
| B．young people usually have new ideas |
| C．it is better for older people to retire on time |
| D．older people would like to do something else |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：這篇文章討論了老人應不應該推遲或減少退休時間，兩種觀點都給出了理由。
【小題1】細節題：從第二段的句子：Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire．可知老人應該繼續工作的理由是他們掌握很多實用的經驗。選B
【小題2】猜詞題：句意：老人更容易實施公司的政策。"implement"="Carry" out，選D
【小題3】段落大意題：從第三段的句子：They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans or roles and achieve their retirement goals．可知這段講的是老人應該準時退休。選C
【小題4】文章結構題：文章第一段是提出話題：第二段是認為老人應該繼續工作的觀點，給出了三個理由，第三段是認為老人應該準時退休，給出了兩個觀點，最后一段是總結，所以選A
考點：考查社會現象類短文
點評：這篇文章討論了老人應不應該推遲或減少退休時間，兩種觀點都給出了理由。本文主要還是考查了細節題和推理題，注重綜合語言能力的運用，需要根據段落大意，結合語境，做出準確的判斷。要求考生在仔細閱讀文本的基礎上，仔細審題和每個選項，做適當的延伸，做出合理的判斷推理。第4題是文章結構圖，要弄清每段的大意就可以明白文章的結構圖。
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目標測試系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：活題巧解巧練·高一英語（下） 題型：050
閱讀理解
Old Americans are separating into two classes. Retirement can be either heaven or hell. “I do believe on the whole the retirees(退休者)of tomorrow will be wealthier and healthier than the same group of 30 years of age.” says Robert Friedland, director of the National Academy on Ageing, “But that's only part of the picture. There's also a large group whose household income(收入)hasn't been growing very much. For them the future is unhappy. ”
“Nature is not always kind. ”says Dr. Robert Butler, an expert in medical care of old people, who was a founding director of the National Institute on Ageing. “The relationship between socio-economic position and life expectancy(估計壽命)has been known for a long time. Race (種族)is also connected. And education is powerful, too in lengthening life.”
“The reality is that poor people get sick easily as they age because they live in duty neighborhoods and have dirty jobs, they are left unprotected(保護)from environmental pollution(環境污染), and the pressure of being poor wears down people's health.” according to Karen Davis, president of the Commonwealth Fund, which studies health problems .
“Cigarette smoking has a great effect because it is more common in lower socio-economic groups. ” says Elizabeth Whelan, president of the American Council on Science and Health, “If you live in a state of hopelessness and helplessness and don't think about the future, you are more likely to take up life-threatening habits.”
“Race and income have large effects on death. ” a team of researchers reported in the New English Journal of Medicine in 1996, after researching on 24 million whites and 2.1 million blacks.
With the exception of black women, the highest income group had the lowest death rates and the lowest income group had the highest death rates regardless of race . For black women there was no consistent pattern across income group.
1．The sentence “ Retirement can be either heaven or hell . ” means ________.
[ ]
A．If a man is out of work, he or she will feel unhappy.
B．If an American retires from his job ( post), he or she will lead a miserable life.
C．Old people in America have to choose a life style.
D．Some old people in America lead a hard life, or others may lead a happy life.
2．According to Dr. Robert Butler's opinion, ________ plays the most important role in people's life expectancy.
[ ]
3．The reason why poor people are more likely to get ill as they grow old is that ________.
[ ]
A．they live in the countryside
B．they work with their hands
C．their families are too large
D．they suffer a lot from being poor
4．What Elizabeth Whelan says means that ________.
[ ]
A．smoking makes people poor and hopeless
B．smoking is popular among poor people
C．poor people should give up smoking
D．rich people in America never smoke
5．Which is the best title for the story?
[ ]
A．Terrible life leads to short expectancy .
B．Income differences produce life expectancy .
C．The life expectancy can be decided by race.
D．Americans don't like to retire .
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star
general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes, Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform . What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lost professional identity than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes, They save on laundry bills. They are tax - deductible. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long - lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
What surprises us is that .
What are people likely to think of a man in uniform?
Why are some people against uniforms?
The underlined sentence tells us that .
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman's life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which customs, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty－five and can be expected to live another thirty－five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.
This important change in women's life－pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full－time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school－leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full－or－part－time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage: with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.
6. Which of the following is the topic of this passage?
A. The marriage of women: past and present.
B. Women and their jobs.
C. The social changes in the lives of women.
D. Women's role in family life.
7. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the amount of time the women spent taking care of children ________.
A. was shorter than in previous centuries
B. was longer than in previous centuries
C. was considered to be surprisingly long
D. accounted for a great part of their lives
8. One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she ________.
A. is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselves
B. does not like children herself
C. need not worry about food for her children
D. can retire from family responsibilities when she reaches sixty
9. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to ________.
A. stay at home after leaving school
B. marry men younger than themselves
C. start working again later in life
D. marry while still at school
10. What can be inferred from the last sentence?
A. The husband tends to share greater share of duties of family life.
B. In the past, the husband used to provide money for the family while the wife ran the home.
C. The wife does not have her own abilities and interests.
D. Both the husband and the wife should be satisfied with their family life.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年浙江省北侖中學高二獎學金考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：填空題
閱讀下列材料, 從所給的六個選項（A、B、C、D、E 和 F）中, 選出符合各小題要求的最佳選項。選項中有一項是多余選項。
| A. Prepare for Rainy Days C. Get Aggressive E. Set the Goal | B. Watch Your Spending D. Start Saving F. Save More |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2009年高考試題（海南、寧夏卷）解析版 題型：閱讀理解
Computer programmer David Jones earns $35.000 a year designing new computer games. yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card（信用卡）Instead he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18. The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job David’s firm releases（推出）two new games for the fast growing computer market each month
But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot he cannot drive a car take out a mortgage（抵押貸款）,or get credit cards David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago ,a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs” he said David spends some of his money on records and clothes and gives his mother 50 pounds a week But most of his spare time is spent working.
“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school “ he said “But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway” David added :”I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement（退休）is a possibility You never know when the market might disappear.”
1.In what way is David different from people of his age?
A．He often goes out with friends
B．He lives with his mother
C．He has a handsome income
D．He graduated with six O-levels
2.What is one of the problems that David is facing now?
A．He is too young to get a credit card
B．He has no time to learn driving
C．He has very little spare time
D．He will soon lose his job
3.Why was David able to get the job in the company?
A．He had done well in all his exams
B．He had written some computer programs
C．He was good at playing computer games
D．He had learnt to use computers at school
4.Why did David decide to leave school and start working?
A．He received lots of job offers
B．He was eager to help his mother
C．He lost interest in school studies
D．He wanted to earn his own living
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