The high noise of modern life may affect speech and language development in the very young, according to a study that found the auditory (聽(tīng)覺(jué)的) parts of the brains of young mice are slower to organize properly in the presence of continuous sounds.
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, reared a group of rats in an environment of continuous background noise and found that their brain circuits that receive and interpret (解釋) sound did not develop at the same rate as animals that were raised in a quieter environment.?
Edward F. Chang and Michael Merzenich, co-authors of the study appearing in the journal Science, said that the continuous noise delayed the organization of auditory neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞) during a critical two-to-three-week period after the rat pups were born.?
For rats not exposed to the noise, the auditory cortex(皮層) neurons during this period gathered into a smaller area and began developing a selective response to sounds.?
But for the noise?exposed rats, this organization was slowed, causing a delay in the development of the ability to discriminate(辨別) specific sound tones. The researchers said it took three or four times longer for the rats raised in a noisy environment to reach the basic bench marks (基準(zhǔn)) of auditory development seen in the rat pups not exposed to noises.?
Although the rat is not a perfect model for what happens in humans, the authors note, the study does suggest that high levels of noise might possibly affect some language learning in babies.?
“These findings suggest that environmental noise, which is commonly present in contemporary child-rearing environments, can potentially contribute to auditory and language-related development delays,”the authors wrote in Science.?
The authors noted that although the brain development was delayed in rats exposed to the noise, their brains did eventually mature (成熟的) normally.?
The scientists at California University studied rats_______.?
A. of different age groups B. with different habits?
C. in different environments D. from different areas?
The rats exposed to noise, compared to those not exposed, _______.?
A. were more sensitive B. were duller?
C. grew up more slowly D. gathered together more quickly
The result of the research mainly tells us that noise _______.
A. delays brain development B. stops baby growth
C. affects speech and language D. destroys brains?
The findings of the research are said to have special connections with _______.
A. causes of noises B. medical science?
C. other living things D. human babies??
【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】A
【小題4】D
【小題1】從文章第二段內(nèi)容可知,加利福尼亞大學(xué)的研究者們養(yǎng)了一些老鼠,進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。分別在不斷的噪音和相對(duì)較安靜的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。?
【小題2】從文章第五段可以得出the rats exposed to noise要比the rats not exposed to noise反應(yīng)遲鈍。?
【小題3】從最后—段內(nèi)容可以得知,噪音延緩腦的發(fā)育。B項(xiàng)是明顯錯(cuò)誤的。不是毀壞腦子,而是延緩,可知D項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。此題側(cè)重的是對(duì)老鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,而C項(xiàng)是對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果的進(jìn)—步推測(cè),所以C是不對(duì)的。?
【小題4】 文中指出“the study does suggest that high levels of noise might possibly affect some language learning...babies.”由此可以得知,這個(gè)科研結(jié)果與嬰兒有關(guān)。
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任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入1個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。(Reuters) - A U.N. climate deal due to be agreed in Copenhagen at talks from December 7-18 may fall short of a legally binding(有約束力的) agreement. If Copenhagen fails to live up to hopes of a strong agreement to slow global warming, what are the reasons and who risks blame? The following are some of the candidates:
● Decline in economy distracted(分散) focus from climate change after the world agreed in Bali, Indonesia, in 2007 to work out a new U.N. agreement by December 2009. Rich nations have put billions of dollars into green growth as part of recovery packages but, when unemployment at home is high, find it hard to promise extra money for developing countries. The slowdown in industrial output means a brief fix -- greenhouse gas emissions(排放) are likely to fall by as much as 3 percent this year.
● Many delegates at U.N. talks have given up hope that the United States, the number two emitter after China, will agree legislation(立法, 法律) to limit carbon emissions before Copenhagen. The US is the only industrialized nation outside the Kyoto Protocol(京都協(xié)議書) for cutting greenhouse emissions until 2012. Many countries welcomed President Barack Obama's promises of doing more to fight climate change when he took office in January but hoped for swifter action.
● Developing nations accuse the rich of repeatedly failing to keep promises of more aid. Few developed countries live up to a target agreed by the U.N. General Assembly in 1970 to give 0.7 percent of their gross domestic product in development aid. Other plans, such as the Agenda 21 environmental development plan agreed in 1992, have fallen short.
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● 2008 was the 10th warmest year since records began in the mid-19th century. The warmest was 1998, when a strong El Nino event in the eastern Pacific disrupted(使混亂) weather worldwide. That has led some to argue that global warming is slowing even though the U.N.'s WMO(世界氣象組織) says a long-term warming trend is unchanged.
● People have been slow in changing lifestyles to use less carbon. Simple choices like taking more public transport, using less heating or air conditioning, even changing light bulbs can help if millions of people act.
Who's to blame if U.N. climate deal falls short?
| Possible candidates | Supporting Details |
| __71___downturn | ● Faced with the______72____ rising unemployment, rich countries fail to give more aid to developing ones. ●____73_____industrial output brings about a temporary relief from the pressure of greenhouse gas emissions. |
| United States | ● It’s the only industrialized country outside the Kyoto Protocol. ● Immediate____74____ was expected to be taken by President Obama to fight climate change. |
| Rich-Poor divide | ● Developed nations are____75____ by the poor for repeatedly breaking promises of aid. |
| Developed nations | ● There is a huge ____76____between the overall cuts promised by developed nations and those required to avoid climate catastrophe. |
| Developing nations | ● The increase in emissions from developing nations ____77____for 90% between now and 2030. ● Developing nations need to be given priority to raising living standards by burning more ___78____. |
| The weather | ● The worldwide disorder caused by El Nino has __79__some people into believing that global warming is slowing. |
| The public | ● People should be _80__to change lifestyles to use less carbon. |
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It is the most negative that the government has been about the economy in nearly two years. The rising yen and a slowdown in global demand for Japanese exports were blamed for the setback.
In recent months, the government has insisted that the economy is “picking up". But it said it now expected the economy to Femain weak for some time, with “weakening" exports a chief concern. It said shipments to Asia in particular were becoming weaker, further hitting exporters that are already suffering from the strong yen.
The yen remains near a 15 - year high against the US dollar, despite the financial interfer-ence ( 干預(yù)）in the currency markets last month for the first time in six years.
Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan(菅直人）has also passed a $ 63 billion stimulus(剌激）package in an effort to protect exporters who have seen the poor exchange rate eat into their prof-its. At the close of markets in Tokyo，the yen was trading at 81.44 yen to the dollar, just off the high of 81.27 yen.
"If the economy turns out as expected, we may end up describing the current situation as a soft patch，” one of die government officials said ’ “ But if it comes under further downward pressure, it could end up slipping into recession (衰退）.”
The Japanese government think the current bad economy situation is partly due to .
A. the decline of the strong yen B. the unsatisfactory exports
C. the government' s mistaken policy D. the decline in the quality of goods
In recent months, the government has a(n) attitude towards the economy situation.
A. shocking B. negative C. optimistic D. aggressive
From the passage we know the government has taken measures mainly to .
A. protect the foreign markets B. protect profits of its hitting exporters
C. monitor the yen exchange rate D. stimulate domestic demands
The passage could probably be found in .
A. government white paper B. a science fiction
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The Yangtse Evening Post conducted the survey among 50 job seekers who were attending Sunday's job fair in Jiangsu for graduate students. The survey showed graduates are becoming more realistic in their job search despite the job market becoming better.
The fair attracted more than 10,000 graduate students with 7,382 positions.
"The pressure of buying a house in Beijing is unbelievable," said Wang Jian from Nanjing Normal University, who acknowledged he had thought about finding a job in Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou, but in the face of huge pressures, he has no choice but to be "realistic."
People can have a very comfortable life in Nanjing with a monthly salary of between 3,000 yuan ($450) and 4,000 yuan, but in Shanghai, 5,000 yuan a month can only help you survive and buying a house will remain a dream,
A student from Nanjing University of Science and Technology said he just turned down an offer from a Shanghai company of 7,000 yuan a month because "living costs in Shanghai are too high."
An unnamed male student from Nanjing University said he will try first-tier cities only if he can get a high salary. "I would go to Beijing only if I can earn 200,000 yuan a year," he said.
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"First-tier cities have plenty of talents that make it hard for people to be outstanding, and if you go work in smaller cities you can become a dominant player at your position much more easily," said Ren.
Tthe majority of graduate students will give up trying to find jobs in the first-tier cities
because
A it is not easy to find jobs there .
B. home prices and living costs there are very high.
C .they can’t make full use of their knowledge and skills there .
D. monthly salaries there are low compared with those in other cities .
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the job market now ?
A. There are more job opportunities offered now
B The job markets are becoming more and more competitive .
C. Many graduate students are n’t satisfied with the working conditions
D Companies and enterprises have stricter rules to take in graduate students .
We can learn from the news report that .
A. In Shanghai, 5,000 yuan a month can only help you buy a luxury house .
B. The fair attracted more than 10,000 graduate students and laid-off workers with 7,382 positions
C. The Yangtse Evening Post conducted the survey among 50 personnel managers who were attending Sunday's job fair in Jiangsu for graduate students.
D A student from Nanjing University of Science and Technology turned down an offer from a Shanghai company of 7,000 yuan a month
The words Ren said in the last paragraph mean .
A. people can’t achieve more in first-tier cities .
B. people can easily be outstanding in smaller cities
C .he would rather go to first-tier cities than smaller cities .
D. talents are more welcome in first-tier cities than smaller ones
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Some 80 percent of graduate students in East China's Zhejiang province said in a survey they will give up trying to find jobs in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, first-tier cities in China that have been considered dream places for many, because of the untouchable home prices and high living costs.
The Yangtse Evening Post conducted the survey among 50 job seekers who were attending Sunday's job fair in Jiangsu for graduate students. The survey showed graduates are becoming more realistic in their job search despite the job market becoming better.
The fair attracted more than 10,000 graduate students with 7,382 positions.
"The pressure of buying a house in Beijing is unbelievable," said Wang Jian from Nanjing Normal University, who acknowledged he had thought about finding a job in Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou, but in the face of huge pressures, he has no choice but to be "realistic."
People can have a very comfortable life in Nanjing with a monthly salary of between 3,000 yuan ($450) and 4,000 yuan, but in Shanghai, 5,000 yuan a month can only help you survive and buying a house will remain a dream,
A student from Nanjing University of Science and Technology said he just turned down an offer from a Shanghai company of 7,000 yuan a month because "living costs in Shanghai are too high."
An unnamed male student from Nanjing University said he will try first-tier cities only if he can get a high salary. "I would go to Beijing only if I can earn 200,000 yuan a year," he said.
"Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou once had the advantages that other cities don't have, but the high housing prices and living costs make young people barely able to breathe," said Ren Leiming from the job service center of Jiangsu's colleges and universities.
"First-tier cities have plenty of talents that make it hard for people to be outstanding, and if you go work in smaller cities you can become a dominant player at your position much more easily," said Ren.
【小題1】Tthe majority of graduate students will give up trying to find jobs in the first-tier cities
because
A it is not easy to find jobs there .
B. home prices and living costs there are very high.
C .they can’t make full use of their knowledge and skills there .
D. monthly salaries there are low compared with those in other cities .
【小題2】Which of the following statements is TRUE about the job market now ?
A. There are more job opportunities offered now
B The job markets are becoming more and more competitive .
C. Many graduate students are n’t satisfied with the working conditions
D Companies and enterprises have stricter rules to take in graduate students .
【小題3】We can learn from the news report that .
A. In Shanghai, 5,000 yuan a month can only help you buy a luxury house .
B. The fair attracted more than 10,000 graduate students and laid-off workers with 7,382 positions
C. The Yangtse Evening Post conducted the survey among 50 personnel managers who were attending Sunday's job fair in Jiangsu for graduate students.
D A student from Nanjing University of Science and Technology turned down an offer from a Shanghai company of 7,000 yuan a month
【小題4】The words Ren said in the last paragraph mean .
| A．people can’t achieve more in first-tier cities . |
| B．people can easily be outstanding in smaller cities |
| C．he would rather go to first-tier cities than smaller cities . |
| D．talents are more welcome in first-tier cities than smaller ones |
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第四部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)完成句子（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
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