Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.
Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries —in both the West and the East.
Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus —obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.
Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay（馬來語）. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.
A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent（月牙） because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.
1.What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Change suddenly.
B．Change significantly.
C．Disappear mysteriously.
D．Disappear very slowly.
2.Which of the following places is named after a person?
A．Raffles Place. B．Selector Airbase.
C．Piccadilly Circus. D．Paya Lebar Crescent.
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.
B．Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.
C．The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.
D．Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.
1.D
2.A
3.A
【解析】
試題分析：本文介紹了在東西方社會中人們起路名的不同的方式方法以及其它的一些具體的信息。
1.D 推理題。根據本句. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.舊的習慣沒有了，一些非官方的名字仍然繼續保留。故該詞是指慢慢消失。故D正確。
2.A 細節題。根據第一段倒數2,3,4行Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place.說明Stamford Road and Raffles Place這樣的路名就是為了紀念一些先驅者的，故A正確。
3.A 推斷題。根據1,2段The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. 和Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries —in both the West and the East.說明新加坡和英國的一些地名是相似的。故A正確。
考點：考查社會現象類短文閱讀
點評：本文介紹了在東西方社會中人們起路名的不同的方式方法以及其它的一些具體的信息。本文要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎上，把握文章的真正內涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎;要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從非凡到一般，通過分析、綜合、判定等，進行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。不能就是論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據。
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Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551—479B.C.), and Socrates(蘇格拉底) (469—399 B.C.) lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激進的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: "Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you." He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下層的) classes.
For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
1.Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?
A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common
B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.
C. The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.
D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.
2.Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that ________.
A. all men were equal when they were born
B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class
C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
3.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?
A. Family. B. Potential. C. Knowledge. D. Community.
4.This passage is organized in the pattern of ________.
A. time and events B. comparison and contrast
C. cause and effect D. definition and classification
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Many social services are provided by ________ societies and organizations that don’t expect any material payment
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A．wealthy |
B．helpful |
C．voluntary |
D．spiritual |
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PALO ALTO, California------"Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter------ even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise," US researchers said last week.
A study of 192 third and fourth graders, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds(0.9kg) less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.
"The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity," said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician(兒科專家) at Stanford University.
"American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing video games, and rates of childhood being very fat have doubled over the past 20 years," Robinson said.
In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies‘ annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third.
Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet or took part in any extra exercise.
"One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around more and burning off calories," Robinson said.
"Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more," Robinson said.
1.The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that ________.
|
A．children will get fatter if they eat too much |
|
B．children will get thinner if they eat less |
|
C．children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV |
|
D．children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV |
2.According to the passage, the time American children usually spend on watching TV_____.
|
A．is more than four hours a day |
B．is less than four hours a day |
|
C．doubled in the last twenty years |
D．is more than on any other activities |
3. The time children spend on TV viewing every day is suggested to be about ________.
|
A．six hours |
B．eight hours |
C．three hours |
D．one hour |
4.Which one of the following is right?
|
A．Children usually eat fewer while watching TV. |
|
B．Children usually eat more while watching TV. |
|
C．Children eat the same amount of meals while watching TV. |
|
D．Children usually eat nothing while watching TV. |
5.Why can watching TV increase kids’ weight according to the passage?
A. They usually eat more while watching TV.
B. They burn off fewer calories.
C. They change their diet while watching TV.
D. Both A and B.
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根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中由兩項為多余選項。
1.-----------------------
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But primitive people eat only the food which can be grown near their homes, whereas people in more advanced societies eat food which is often grown many thousands of miles away from their homes. Primitive people are satisfied with less kinds of food, therefore we can say people’s wants are different although their needs are the same.
3.Clothing is necessary to regulate (調節) the heat of our bodies. In different climates and in different seasons we need more or less clothes. We also dress differently for other reasons. 4.
Shelter, the third of our needs, depends on climate, the skill of the builders, one’s social position, and the material which can be used. 5.The three-bed-roomed house of the average family would not be grand enough for a very rich family, but a modern house with many of the material comforts were denied to the kings and queens in the past.
A. Food, Clothing and Shelter.
B. Human Needs
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1. What kinds of things contribute to the remarkable long life of these peoples?
A. Moderate diets B. Clean mountain air.
C. Daily hard work. D. All the above factors（因素）.
2. How do you think the author feels about these long-lived people?
A. He is impressed with them B. He doesn’t care.
C. He doesn’t like them. D. He admires them.
3.According to the passage, the phrase “the passage of time” means .
A. have time to do what they want B. being on time
C. time going by D. limited time
4.In the passage, why does the author describe Mr. Mamedov?
A. An example of a typical long life among these people.
B. An example of an unusual long life among these people.
C. An explanation of why he is still healthy.
D. An example of why his wife died early than him.
5.What is the main subject of this article?
A. Mr. Mamedov’s life.
B. A description of several societies where people live a long time.
C. Suggestions for how you can live long life.
D. People are healthy in mountainous regions.
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