From hitting the mall with your girl friends on a Saturday afternoon, to holiday spending on gifts that go under the tree, shopping could be called one of America’s favorite pastimes. For most people, it means some new clothes for work or a small trinket for a friend. For others, however, shopping is much more than an enjoyable pastime, and in some cases, it is a real and destructive addiction that can turn into a financial disaster. Compulsive shopping and spending are defined as inappropriate, excessive過度的, and out of control. Like other addictions, it basically has something to do with impulsiveness and lack of control over one’s impulses沖動(dòng). In America, shopping is embedded in our culture; so often, the impulsiveness comes out as excessive shopping. Sometimes this is referred to as “shopholism”. Shopping addiction can damage a person’s life, family, and finances. “No one knows what causes addictive behaviors, like shopping, alcoholism, drug abuse, and gambling”, says a professor of applied health science. Some of the new evidence suggests that some people, maybe 10%-15%, may have a genetic predisposition to an addictive behavior, coupled with an environment in which the particular behavior is triggered引發(fā), but no one really knows why.” Individuals will get some kind of high from an addictive behavior like shopping.
What are the telltale signs that shopping has crossed the line and become and addiction? What should a concerned family member or friend look out for when they think shopping has become a problem? The behaviors can signal a serious problem:
·Shopping or spending money as a result of feeling angry, depressed, anxious, or lonely
·Having arguments with others about one’s shopping habits
·Feeling lost without credit cards — actually going into withdrawal without them
·Buying items on credit, rather than with cash
·Describing a rush or a feeling of euphoria with spending
·Feeling guilty, ashamed, or embarrassed after a spending spree(大買特買)
·Thinking obsessively about money
·Spending a lot time juggling accounts or bills to accommodate spending
“If someone identifies four or more of any of these behaviors, there may be a problem”, experts say. Treating a shopping addiction requires a multifaceted approach. There are no standard treatments for shopping addiction. Medications have been used, but with mixed results. Therapists also focus on cognitive-behavioral treatment programs. There is no quick and easy answer that will immediately cure a shopping addiction, and while treatment is a necessary part of solving the problem, so is behavior change on the part of the addict.
Some basic changes in behavior that will have a big impact on breaking a shopping addiction are recommended:
·Admit that you are a compulsive spender, which is half the battle.
·Get rid of checkbooks and credit cards, which fuel the problem.
·Don’t shop by yourself because most compulsive shoppers shop alone and if you are with someone you are much less likely to append more.
·Find other meaningful ways to spend time.
And keep in mind that while behavior change is clearly important to recovery, so is reaching out for professional help.(509)
The best title of this article is _________
A. Should We Shop or Not? B. Shopping Behaviors, Good or Bad?
C. Shopping Spree, or an Addiction? D. The Dangers of Shopholism.
You should be carefully think about your shopping behavior if you ________.
A. are angry to go shopping
B. lost your credit card while shopping
C. are overjoyed and overwhelmingly excited to go shopping.
D. count your money while shopping
Which of the following statement is not true? ________.
A. Medication will not help to cure a shopping addiction
B. No one really knows why people get addicted to doing something which is no good to them
C. By the word shopholism, we refers to the impulsive and excessive shopping behavior
D. Shopping addiction can turn into a real disaster in one’s life
The most important way to get rid of the addiction is ________.
A. use credit card instead of checkbooks
B. change one’s behavior as well as seek professional advice
C. find somebody else to shop for you
D. go to a doctor for a standard treatment
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In reality lightning is a flow of electricity （電流）formed high above the earth． A single flash（閃爍） of lightning 1.6 kilometers long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs．
The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752． In the same year he also built the first Lightning Rod (避雷針)． His device（發(fā)明物） protects buildings from being damaged by lightning．
Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lightning contains more than 15 million volts(伏特)． A spark（火花） between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second．Scientists estimate (估計(jì)) that there are about 2,000 million flashes of lightning per year． Lightning hits the Empire, State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year． In the United States alone it kills an average of one person every day．
The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car． Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under trees． Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences． Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things．
With lightning, it's better to be safe than sorry.?
Lightning is actually ＿＿＿＿＿．
A．weapon B．electricity C．light D．mystery
People once thought that lightning came from ＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A．scientists B．ground C．lightning rod D．gods
Benjamin Franklin ＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A. made the first lightning rod B．built the Empire State Building
C. invented electricity D．prevented lightning from hitting cars
＿＿＿＿＿＿is the best place to be in during an electricity storm．
A．Swimming pool B. A high place C．Under a tree D．A car
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Boxing games are truly widely supported by a lot of people over the world . The sport involves two people fighting with each other inside a ring with a referee making sure that the fight goes on smoothly. The fighters have to be of the same weight to be able to fight and they make use of their fists according to the rules of competition.
There are three ways in winning the game. First, you have to knock out the challenger. Secondly, there is the technical knockout (擊倒). This usually happens when the rival is seriously hurt and unable to carry on and defend himself. Thirdly, each boxer gets on with the fight until the last round is over and done with and the winner is judged according to the scores he gets.
The first boxing champion was James Figg who came from England. It was in 1719 that the word "boxing" was known. The sport then was completely different from what you are used to seeing and observing nowadays. In 1743 Jack Broughton, a boxing title holder, was responsible for coming up with the rules and regulations to make the fight more manageable.
Under these rules, a boxer who falls and does not fight after 30 seconds has elapsed is declared the loser and any fighter is prevented from hitting his opponent when he is already down. Broughton was also the one who created the mufflers -- a kind of gloves with padding which were used during presentations and training.
Today, the sport has a total of 12 rounds with three minutes playing time for each round. Boxers are given a minute for them to rest or for consultation with their respective coaches. A referee has the responsibility of making sure that the boxers carry on with the fight according to the rules of the sport. The judges have the task of evaluating each fighter and give the fighter scores according to their punches(拳法).
【小題1】Which ways decide that the boxer is the winner in the boxing game?
a. The boxer is prevented from hitting his opponent.
b. The boxer is unable to carry on and defend himself.
c. The boxer is given the highest scores by the judges.
d. The boxer has to knock out the challenger technically.
e The boxer falls but is able to fight after 30 seconds.
f. The boxer is able to get on with fight until the last round.
| A．a(chǎn),b,c | B．d, e, f, | C．c, d, f | D．a(chǎn), b, e |
| A．The first boxing champion was James Figg from Scotland. |
| B．Jack Broughton created a kind of gloves with paddling for boxers. |
| C．The coaches evaluate each fighter and give the fighter scores. |
| D．In 1719 the rules for boxing games were put forward. |
| A．Regulations for Boxing Game. |
| B．Three Ways to Win Boxing Game. |
| C．The First Boxing Champion |
| D．The Story Behind Boxing |
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BEIJING，Nov．25，2005（Reuters）—China’s home-grown human bird flu vaccine is at least a year away from hitting the market but tests on humans have been approved (批準(zhǔn)) by the government，head of the research drug company said on Friday．
Development of the vaccine started last year after bird flu outbreaks in Thailand and Vietnam and animal trials have already been completed，said Yin Wei-dong，managing director of Sinovac Biotech．
“It is not a virus that is spreading from human to human，so we are very optimistic，” Yin told Reuters in an interview．
The deadly H5N1 made its first known jump to humans in Hong Kong in 1997，killing six people．The virus appeared again in late 2003 and is known to have infected 130 people in several parts of Asia，killing 68 of them．
“It is not decided yet when the human trials will begin．We just got approval on November 22 by the State Food and Drug Administration，” Yin said．
Oregon，Nov．26,2005（AP）—The deadly strain of bird flu that appeared in Asia and has already spread to other parts of the world has not affected the Oregon poultry (家禽) industry or consumers，according to Oregon State University researchers．
There are many strains of bird flu that do not usually infect humans．But one strain，called H5N1，has jumped from chickens to humans and is blamed for more than 60 deaths in Asia．
International disease control experts are worried about a worldwide outbreak of bird flu，raising concerns such as whether it is safe to eat poultry．
But Oregon State University researchers say there is no proof that the virus can jump to humans by eating cooked poultry products．
“Consumers needn’t be overly concerned about bird flu，” said Jim Hermes，OSU Extension Service poultry specialist．But he urged consumers to follow standard food safety practices in preparing poultry—including washing hands while preparing food，and proper cooking of poultry meat and eggs．
He noted that a 2003 outbreak of bird virus caused much damage to commercial poultry operations in California but did not get into Oregon because of industry safeguards．
60．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first news report?
A．Human trials have already started but not yet successful．
B．Bird flu killed 68 Asian people in its second outbreak．
C．The bird flu virus is not one that spreads from human to human．
D．The government has agreed to have the vaccine tried on humans．
61．What does the first news report mainly talk about?
A．The new outbreak of the bird flu．
B．How the development of the bird flu vaccine is going on．
C．How many people died of bird flu．
D．What measures the government has taken to stop the spreading of bird flu．
62．What does the underlined word “strains” probably mean?
A．signs． B．symbols． C．kinds． D．diseases．
63．What can we know from the second news report?
A．Because of the safety guards，Oregon poultry industry didn’t suffer any loss in
the 2003 outbreak of bird flu．
B．People in Oregon are not concerned about bird flu．
C．People will develop bird flu even if they eat well-cooked poultry products．
D．H5N1 has caused more than 60 deaths worldwide．
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The air bag is a piece of safety equipment in cars. It was first designed by John W. Hetrick in 1952. Like many inventions, he came up with the idea as a result of an event that had occurred in his life. He says:
“In the spring of 1952, my wife, my seven-year-old daughter, Joan, and I were out for a Sunday drive in our 1948 Chrysler Windsor. About three miles outside Newport we were watching for deer jumping across the road. Suddenly, there was a large rock in our path. I hit the brakes and we went into a ditch(壕溝).
“As I applied the brakes, both my wife and I threw our hands up to keep our daughter from hitting the car. There was soft mud in the ditch, so the car wasn’t damaged, and no one was hurt.”
“During the ride home I couldn’t stop thinking about the accident. I asked myself,‘Why couldn’t some object come out to stop you from striking the inside of the car?’As soon as I got home that night I drew some sketches(草圖). Each evening for the following two weeks, I’d add or reduce something from the sketches.”
Hetrick applied an event he had observed while in the Navy to the design of the air bag. He was repairing a torpedo(魚雷) which had a cloth covering. When the compressed（壓縮的） air that was in the torpedo was let out, the covering was suddenly filled with air and was shot to the ceiling.
With this knowledge, he developed his design until he was able to obtain a patent on the invention on August 5, 1952. The idea was similar to the air bag designs of today. Compressed air is stored in a container and when a traffic accident occurs and the car slows down at a rapid enough rate, the air will be released into the air bag. The idea was ingenious, but Hetrick’s air bag never would have functioned properly. It was really a breakthrough, but it would require years and years of designing and testing by some top car designers before it could be used.
1.The car accident Hetrick was involved in ________.
A．damaged his car B．happened in 1948
C．was caused by a deer D．caused no harm to his family
2.Hetrick’s experience in the Navy________.
A．turned out to be dangerous B．was helpful to his invention
C．involved designing torpedoes D．inspired him to design an air bag
3.The underlined word “ingenious” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A．creative B．ridiculous C．crazy D．complex
4.What do we know about the air bag Hetrick designed?
A．It came into use in the 1950s. B．It performed perfectly in car accidents.
C．It prepared the way for air bags nowadays. D．It took Hetrick about two months to develop it.
5.The text is mainly about ____.
A．the great inventor Hetrick B．The invention of air bags
C．a(chǎn) terrible car accident D．road safety in the 1950s
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆寧夏高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Boxing games are truly widely supported by a lot of people over the world . The sport involves two people fighting with each other inside a ring with a referee making sure that the fight goes on smoothly. The fighters have to be of the same weight to be able to fight and they make use of their fists according to the rules of competition.
There are three ways in winning the game. First, you have to knock out the challenger. Secondly, there is the technical knockout (擊倒). This usually happens when the rival is seriously hurt and unable to carry on and defend himself. Thirdly, each boxer gets on with the fight until the last round is over and done with and the winner is judged according to the scores he gets.
The first boxing champion was James Figg who came from England. It was in 1719 that the word "boxing" was known. The sport then was completely different from what you are used to seeing and observing nowadays. In 1743 Jack Broughton, a boxing title holder, was responsible for coming up with the rules and regulations to make the fight more manageable.
Under these rules, a boxer who falls and does not fight after 30 seconds has elapsed is declared the loser and any fighter is prevented from hitting his opponent when he is already down. Broughton was also the one who created the mufflers -- a kind of gloves with padding which were used during presentations and training.
Today, the sport has a total of 12 rounds with three minutes playing time for each round. Boxers are given a minute for them to rest or for consultation with their respective coaches. A referee has the responsibility of making sure that the boxers carry on with the fight according to the rules of the sport. The judges have the task of evaluating each fighter and give the fighter scores according to their punches(拳法).
1.Which ways decide that the boxer is the winner in the boxing game?
a. The boxer is prevented from hitting his opponent.
b. The boxer is unable to carry on and defend himself.
c. The boxer is given the highest scores by the judges.
d. The boxer has to knock out the challenger technically.
e The boxer falls but is able to fight after 30 seconds.
f. The boxer is able to get on with fight until the last round.
|
A．a(chǎn),b,c |
B．d, e, f, |
C．c, d, f |
D．a(chǎn), b, e |
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
|
A．The first boxing champion was James Figg from Scotland. |
|
B．Jack Broughton created a kind of gloves with paddling for boxers. |
|
C．The coaches evaluate each fighter and give the fighter scores. |
|
D．In 1719 the rules for boxing games were put forward. |
3.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
|
A．Regulations for Boxing Game. |
|
B．Three Ways to Win Boxing Game. |
|
C．The First Boxing Champion |
|
D．The Story Behind Boxing |
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