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Monkeys , face to face
DISCOVER magazine once reported on a curious event in the woods : a group of monkeys applied mud (泥) to their faces in order to keep away insects , but when they were done they seemed to have lost their ability to recognize each other ---two monkeys that were supposed to be friends even started fighting.
“Faces are really important to how monkeys and apes (猿)can tell one another apart,” explained Michael Alfaro, a biologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), to the New York -based International Science Times . This is quite different from many other animals , which depend heavily on smells.
Since faces play such a crucial part in the social lives of monkeys , could this explain why certain monkey species have such colorful faces while others have simpler, plainer ones ?
To test this theory , a group of researchers from UCLA studied 139 monkey species , mainly from Asia and Africa, and analyzed hundreds of headshot (頭像）photos of those monkeys from their databases.
It was found that species that live in larger groups have faces with more complex color patterns than those that live in smaller groups. According to Live Science, researchers believe that this is nature’s way of making it easier for monkeys to recognize each other since those living in larger groups have to distinguish between a greater number of faces.
This is actually not that hard to understand . Just imagine if there were 10 people standing in front of you, all wearing white clothes. It would be much more difficult to tell them apart than if they wore clothes with colorful patterns. However, if there were only two people that you had to identify, a lack of color wouldn’t be much of a problem.
Apart from the need to recognize group members , researchers found that geography and environment also affect monkeys’ facial colors. Species that live closer to the equator in thick, humid (潮濕的）forests were found to have darker faces than those who live in dry areas further away from the equator. This is because darker faces help camouflage (偽裝）the monkeys in the woods so that they go unnoticed by predators (捕食者）.
小題1:We can learn from the article that monkeys mainly recognize each other by their __.

A．Smells

B．Facial appearances

C．body shapes

D．Voices

小題2:Which of the following statements about monkeys’face patterns is TURE according to the article ?

A．Larger monkeys have more complex face color patterns.

B．Monkeys with colorful face patterns usually take higher social positions within groups.

C．Monkeys living in smaller groups usually have simpler, plainer face patterns.

D．Colorful face patterns keep monkeys safe from predators.

小題3:What is article mainly about?

A．The social lives of monkeys.

B．How monkeys tell each other apart.

C．A comparison between the face patterns of monkeys and those of human beings.

D．The different factors that determine monkeys’ face patterns.

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D

試題分析：文章介紹猴子通過面部表情辨認(rèn)彼此的，它們的臉可以透露它的社會生活，那么猴子為什么有不同的臉部圖案，文章給出了解釋。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：but when they were done they seemed to have lost their ability to recognize each other ---two monkeys that were supposed to be friends even started fighting. 和第二段的句子：“Faces are really important to how monkeys and apes (猿)can tell one another apart,”可知猴子用泥涂在臉上后，就認(rèn)不得彼此了，說明它們是通過面部表情辨認(rèn)彼此的，選B。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第五段的句子：It was found that species that live in larger groups have faces with more complex color patterns than those that live in smaller groups. According to Live Science, 可知在小的群體里面生活的猴子有更簡單更普通的臉部圖案，選C
小題3:主旨題：從全文和第三段的句子：Since faces play such a crucial part in the social lives of monkeys , could this explain why certain monkey species have such colorful faces while others have simpler, plainer ones ? 可知這篇文章介紹了決定猴子面部圖案的不同因素。選D

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B．3.

C．4.

D．5.

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Look, this is the first plane in the world to be created using the new technology of “3D printing”. The airplane was built using only a computer—but it can fly at a speed of 100mph and has a two-meter wingspan.
It was produced using a special nylon laser printer that builds up something layer-by-layer. The parts were made separately and attached using a “snap fit” technique so the aircraft could be put together without tools in minutes.
No fasteners at all were used in the manufacture of the plane. Unmanned and electrically powered, the plane can travel in near silence and is also equipped with a small autopilot system. The special production process used is known as “l(fā)aser sintering(激光燒結(jié))”and allows the designers to create shapes and structures that would normally include costly manufacturing techniques. This technology allows a highly-tailored aircraft to be developed from your own design to first flight in days, while using traditional materials and techniques would take months. And because no tooling is required for manufacture, major changes to the shape and scale of the aircraft can be made with no extra cost.
Professor Jim Scanlon, who led the team, said, “The process allows the design team to revisit historical techniques and ideas that would have been too expensive using traditional manufacturing.” He added, “This form of structure is very firm and lightweight, but very complex. If it was manufactured traditionally it would require a large number of individually tailored parts that would have to be connected or fastened at great expense.”
The new printed plane is known as the Southampton University Laser Sintered Aircraft—or SULSA for short—and is part of a wider project using cutting-edge manufacturing techniques. The University of Southampton has been at the leading position of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle development since the early 1990s.
小題1:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Revolutionary Breakthrough of 3D Printer
Scientists Create Aircraft with High Speed
C. New Designed Airplane with New Techniques.
D. The World’s first 3-D printed Airplane, SULSA
小題2:How could the plane work while flying?

A．It should be controlled by an autopilot system.

B．It should be controlled by “l(fā)aser sintering”.

C．A pilot controls it using a remote control.

D．A pilot with high techniques controlled it.

小題3:This kind of plane has the following advantages EXCEPT ______.

A．it produces little noise while flying

B．it is manufactured in quite a short time

C．it only requires simple and cheap tools

D．it needn’t extra cost if changes are made

小題4:Professor Jim Scanlon believes they can _____ with their techniques.

A．produce firmer and lighter real planes easily

B．connect and fasten tailor parts for real planes

C．copy earlier planes to study their techniques

D．find differences by studying the traditional ones

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