Question

Every day on the road, accidents are caused. They do not only happen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune-frustration, tiredness or just bad temper-that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.

Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, so often at odds with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.

By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.

It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety actions and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgment-noise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work.

1.This passage might be written to         .

A．college students                        B．drivers

C．ordinary citizens                        D．businessmen

2.“Accident-prone” in Paragraph 2 means          .

A．likely to have accidents                   B．injured in accidents

C．likely to die in accidents                  D．responsible for road accidents

3.The passage suggests that           .

A．a(chǎn)ccidents mostly result from slippery roads

B．a(chǎn)ccidents are usually caused by psychological factors

C．doctors run three times the normal risk of accidents in factories

D．a(chǎn)bout 50,000 people lost their lives at work in Britain every day

4.Which of the following is NOT discussed as a factor of accidents in this passage?

A．Mood            B．Carelessness       C．Tiredness         D．Weather

5.What do you think would be the best title for the passage?

A．Accidents and Human                    B．Why accidents happen

C．Human Factors in Accidents               D．How to Prevent Accidents

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D

5.C

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要是主要是從人的角度出發(fā)分析導(dǎo)致事故的原因。

1.C 推理題。根據(jù)第三段前三行By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road accidents are caused by a minority of criminally careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics.這里的you就是指普通的居民，故C正確。

2.A 推理題。根據(jù)本句Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone,說(shuō)明在家里吵架以后情緒有波動(dòng)的人是很容易在開(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候出事故的，故該詞指A有可能出事故。故A正確。

3.B 推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句話(huà)These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.說(shuō)明大部分的車(chē)禍都是由于粗心和思維不集中引起的，故都是精神方面的問(wèn)題。故B正確。

4.D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)前三段的Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone, 和These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.

和But more often than not there is a chain of events leading up to the misfortune-frustration, tiredness 說(shuō)明ABC三項(xiàng)都是事故的可能的原因，故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.C 主旨大意題。本文主要分析的就是導(dǎo)致事故的原因，主要是從人的角度出發(fā)的，故Ｃ項(xiàng)正確。

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點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文屬于新聞報(bào)告類(lèi)短文，考查的推理題較多，推斷題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。