Question

D
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感覺) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假設), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
【小題1】According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A．the visitors to his office	B．the psychology lessons he has
C．his physical feeling of coldness	D．the things he has bought online

【小題2】The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A．adults should develop social skills	B．babies need warm physical contact
C．caregivers should be healthy adults	D．monkeys have social relationships

【小題3】In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

A．evaluate someone’s personality	B．write down their hypotheses
C．fill out a personal information form
D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

【小題4】We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C．physical temperature affects how we see others

D．capable persons are often cold to others

【小題5】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

C．Developing Better Drinking Habits.

D．Physical Sensations and Emotions.

Answer 1

【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】D

解析【小題1】細節理解題。文章第一段就提出了本文所要討論的主題：人的情緒受身體對冷熱,的不同感受的影響。
【小題2】推理判斷題。第二段中作者提到Harlow’s experiment就是為了證明這段第三句Much of this particularly warmth and sadness的觀點。
【小題3】細節理解題。由文章倒數第二段的最后二句可知接受實驗的學生應對Person A作出評價。
【小題4】推理判斷題。一個人所接觸的物體的溫度會影響一個人的情緒，同樣體溫的高低也可能有同樣的影響。
【小題5】主旨大意題。全篇文章就是圍繞第一段提出的論點展開的。