Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater expansion in their waistlines（腰圍）over time, a study published suggests. Researchers found that among black and Hispanic adults younger than 40, those who typically slept for five hours or less each night had a greater accumulation of belly fat over the next five years, versus
（相比于） those who averaged six or seven hours. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was less obvious than that seen in "short sleepers."
The study, reported in the Journal Sleep, does not prove that too little or too much sleep directly leads to excess fat gain. But the findings support and extend those of other studies linking sleep duration - particularly a lack of sleep - to weight gain and even to higher risks of diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease. Among participants younger than 40, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more belly fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. On average, short sleepers showed a 32 percent gain in visceral（內臟的）fat, versus a 13 percent gain among those who slept six or seven hours per night, and a 22 percent increase among men and women who got at least eight hours of sleep each night. A similar pattern was seen with superficial abdominal（腹部）fat.
The findings, according to lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight and health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether you're tired during the day," she said.
There may be indirect effects; people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, relative to people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss alters people's levels of appetite-regulating hormones（荷爾蒙）- which could, in theory, cause them to overeat. Depression, which often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain, could also be a factor, Hairston noted.
【小題1】Who may have the higher risk of being fat over the next five years?
| A．Jack, a Hispanic man, aged 35, sleeps for 3 hours every night. |
| B．Candy, a black woman, aged 41, sleeps for about 5 hours every night. |
| C．Bob, an American, aged 50, sleeps for more than 12 hours every day. |
| D．John, a student in Africa, sleeps for more than 6 hours every week. |
| A．Too little or too much sleep directly gives rise to the fat gain. |
| B．People are subject to heart disease due to the lack of sleep. |
| C．It is admitted that sleep plays an important part in our health. |
| D．Researchers find a longer sleep time is better for our health. |
| A．People should do some exercise in their daily life. |
| B．There is a close link between sleep habits and health. |
| C．More nutrition is greatly needed when we lack sleep. |
| D．More and more people tend to sleep less than before. |
| A．Younger adults getting little or much sleep may become fat. |
B．We are supposed to do exercise as much as possible to ke ep fit. |
| C．We should keep a good sleep habit to improve our health. |
| D．We have to spare no efforts to drive depression away. |
| A．Sleep Habits Linked to Fat Gain in Younger Adults. |
| B．Doing Exercise Is the Best Way to Keep Fit. |
| C．Our Waistlines Can Be Driven Away Right Now. |
| D．Diabetes No Longer bother all of Young People. |
步步高達標卷系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Today's teens have a knowledge of the Internet that often surpasses that of their parents. Because so many teens are Internet survey, it is important that they also have an understanding of the dangers that exist online and how to deal with them. Watch teens share their own“RealLife Stories” about issues affecting them on the Internet such as cyberbullying(網絡欺凌), online enticement, and giving out too much personal information.
| NSTeens—Terrible Text |
| Some teens say and do terrible things to each other online because they don't see the direct effects of their actions. So what should you do if you're cyberbullied? Watch the NSTeens in their latest video, “Terrible Text”， about a young girl who is troubled when a cyberbully sends mean text messages to her cellphone at all hours of the day and night. Visit NSTeens. org. |
| NetSmartz411 |
| NetSmartz411 is a parent and guardian's premier online resource for learning about the Internet safety，computers, and the Web. Search our knowledge base for answers to all of your questions about the online world! If you can't find what you're looking for, use the“Ask the Experts”tab to send us a question. Your question will be answered by professionals who know a lot about the Internet safety—the reallife analysts at the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. We handle daily reports about the online exploitation of children；and we'll show you the steps you can take to keep the children and teens in your life safer online. Visit NetSmartz411. org. |
| CyberTipline Report |
| The CyberTipline is the place to report any incident of the Internet exploitation. If you find yourself in a situation where you need help，visit www.cybertipline.com and make a report. If you fear that you are in immediate danger，contact your local law enforcement (執法部門)． |
| RealLife Stories |
| Watch real life stories told by teens who have been victims of the Internet exploitation. RealLife Stories |
| NetSmartzKids |
| Are you concerned about your younger siblings'(兄弟姐妹的) safety online? Visit www.NetSmartzKids.org with them to help them learn how to avoid the dangers that exist on the Internet. |
56.The ad. is intended for________.
A. kids loving to play games online
B. only victims of the Internet use
C. kids and their parents who want to learn about the safety online
D. preschool students who know little about the Internet
57．If you visit the website，you can________.
A. share your friends'“ RealLife Stories” about issues affecting them on the Internet
B. have an understanding of the dangers that exist online and how to deal with them
C. say and do terrible things to each other online
D. ask for help when you have difficulty with your study
58．If you visit www.cybertipline.com，you can ________.
A. contact your local law enforcement
B. search our knowledge base for answers to all of your questions about the online world
C. report any incident of the Internet use
D. help your siblings learn how to avoid the dangers that exist on the Internet
59．Which of the following stories you can share on the Real Life Stories?
A. A teen was murdered by the man she met in a chat room.
B. Problems of losing weight.
C. Left home alone.
D. Hurt by secondhand smoke in the Internet cafe.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆廣東省高一競賽英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
閱讀下列應用文及相關信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請在答題卡上將對應題號的相應選項字母涂黑。
A. “Just do it!” — This slogan (口號) speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but only if they think it’s worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?
B.“Always Coca-Cola.” — Coke’s slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand’s spirit. It seems to say “Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drink.”
C. “Share moments, share life.” — This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them — using Kodak film of course!
D. On hearing the slogan “Make yourself heard”, you will know there is Ericsson product for you to call anyone.
E. There are some public service advertisements (PSAs) that educate people about public service projects, such as Project Hope. Its slogan is “Project Hope — Schooling every child.”
F. One magazine ad says “Make me your window on the world!” The advertisers say that the weekly magazine can bring the world to your home. “ Have you ever wondered what the Chinese eat for breakfast? Did you know that the Sahara Desert is getting bigger every year? This fascinating magazine ,full of colour pictures , is your window on the world.
請閱讀以下購買者的信息，然后匹配購買者和他/她擬購買產品的廣告語：
Jack passed the entrance exam and was admitted to a famous university. These days, his father is looking for a mobile phone for him so as to keep in touch with each other closely.
Tom was a senior middle school student. He likes sports very much and plays football every afternoon. But after class this afternoon he has to buy a pair of shoes because his shoes have been worn out.
There’s a party this evening — for Mary’s 15th birthday. Her family are making preparations for it. Her brother’s job is to buy some drink.
Joan doesn’t want to forget the past, especially the happy moments.
Bill travels a lot when he was younger. Now that he has stopped his work, he enjoys reading about foreign people, places and customs.
|
購買者 1.Jack 2.Tom 3.Mary 4.Joan 5.Bill |
廣告語
E. Project Hope — Schooling every child. F. Make me your window on the world! |
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科目：高中英語 來源：廣東省2010屆高三下學期矯正性測試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
III 閱讀（共兩節，滿分40分）
第一節 閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Advertising in America offers some great advantages to consumers. For example, in order to keep prices low through mass production, companies must have a mass market for their products. Mass advertising creates mass markets. Producers cannot afford to develop new products, put them on the market and wait for customers to discover them. This would take too long. Demand for some products must be created. This is done through advertising.
But advertising sometimes makes it difficult for consumers to make wise decisions. The fact is that when people are constantly flooded with messages through the mass media persuading them to buy particular products, many respond by buying them.
Advertising is designed to influence an individual to buy a product. Sellers often study human behavior to discover what will convince consumers to buy a certain item. This reason for buying is called a buying motive.
Buying motives are usually broken down into two categories: rational and emotional. Rational buying motives include the desire to save money, the desire for comfort, or the desire for good workmanship. Emotional buying motives include buying out of fear, wanting to be liked, and wanting to have something better than your friends have.
Emotional appeals are found in most consumer advertising today. Certain cars promise to make the driver feel "younger" and " freer". Shoes promise to make the buyer's whole life "springier". Life insurance policies promise to take the "care out of living".
Most consumers believe that they are not easily influenced by emotional appeals. However, corporations that sell consumer products obviously think differently. They spend many millions of dollars every day on radio, television, newspaper and magazine ads that use these appeals.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that one of the advantages of advertising for consumers is that ________.
A. it can create a big demand for consumer goods
B. the mass market created by it leads to low prices
C. producers can introduce new products to consumers
D. it helps consumers discover new products
2. Consumers sometimes find it difficult to make a sensible decision when buying a particular product because __________ .
A. many advertisements are too difficult for them to understand
B. they are afraid to be taken in by dishonest advertisements
C. mass advertising offers them a range of good and cheap products
D. they are confused by the quantity of advertisements promoting it
3. According to the passage, a toothpaste ad promising that people who use the product will make a lot of friends is an example of an ad that appeals to __________ .
A. rational buying motives B. the consumer's commonsense
C. emotional buying motives D. the desire for a good product
4. The reason why companies spend enormous amounts of money on advertising is that ________ .
A. they believe people can be influenced to buy a certain produce
B. it takes a lot of advertising to convince people to buy a certain product
C. most consumers are not easily influenced by emotional appeals
D. advertising based on emotional appeals are very effective
5. The best title for this passage would be ________ .
A. Advertising can create demand B. The advantages of advertising
C. What effective advertising can do D. The role of advertising in selling products
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010屆江西省高三第四次月考 題型：閱讀理解
Junk food advertising is “monopolising(壟斷)” the Internet as television advertising comes under examination. Among 315 children’s websites, ads for soft drink, ice-cream, fast food and sugar are more than those for healthy foods by two to one.
Researchers looked at every food reference on 119 websites of companies active in advertising food and drink to children. They found that food references—anything from a picture or an article to an ad or a game—appeared on 44 per cent of popular children’s websites. Two-thirds of these were for unhealthy foods. Unhealthy products were three times more likely to be branded.
Many of the techniques used on food product websites for companies that included Cadbury, Nestle and Kellogg strengthen the food brand and make children spend more time seeing the product. More children spend more time on the Internet which captures and maintains children’s attention. It makes the Internet a powerful marketing medium.
Researchers found that 29 per cent of sites used advergames—in which the branded product is integrated (融入)into a computer game.The number of games per site varied. The Wrigley’s Candystand website contained 67 games. Those sites aiming at younger children and adults had a higher rate of advergames than those for preschool-age children, as did those sugary drinks , ice-cream and chocolate.
Kathy Chapman, the senior nutritionist at the Cancer Council, said, “The marketing is becoming a lot more complex. It used to be a couple of things; now it’s a whole range. The companies use different kinds of ways to promote their products and make them known. There’s a lot more things going on.”
68. According to the passage, television advertising about junk food .
A. is more popular than the Internet advertising
B. is becoming more and more varied
C. is being controlled at present
D. will be replaced by the Internet advertising
69. Why does the Internet become the favorite place for junk food advertising?
A. The Internet is becoming more popular with children than the other medium
B. The children believe in the advertisements on the Internet.
C. The techniques make junk food more attractive.
D. The number of children watching TV has dropped a lot.
70. What can we know about the advergames?
A. They are new websites to advertise junk food.
B. Most of the children’s websites have advergames.
C. They are popular advertisements for children.
D. Children can get the junk food advertisements through advergames.
71. What does the passage mainly talking about?
A. Junk food ads finding web home B. Junk food ads forbidden on TV
C. Junk food market expanding D. Junk food harming children
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科目：高中英語 來源：0910學年浙江省高一第一學期期末考試 題型：信息匹配
第二節：信息匹配（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）
閱讀下列材料，從所給的六個選項（A、B、C、D、E和F）中，選出符合各小題要求的最佳選項，選項中有一項是多余選項。
首先，請閱讀下列的應用文：
A. “Just do it!” — This slogan (口號) speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but only if they think it’s worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?
B.“Always Coca-Cola.” — Coke’s slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand’s spirit. It seems to say “Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drink.”
C. “Share moments, share life.” — This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them — using Kodak film of course!
D. On hearing the slogan “Make yourself heard”, you will know there is Ericsson product for you to call anyone.
E. There are some public service advertisements (PSAs) that educate people about public service projects, such as Project Hope. Its slogan is “Project Hope — Schooling every child.”
F. One magazine ad says “Make me your window on the world!” The advertisers say that the weekly magazine can bring the world to your home. “ Have you ever wondered what the Chinese eat for breakfast? Did you know that the Sahara Desert is getting bigger every year? This fascinating magazine ,full of colour pictures , is your window on the world.
請閱讀以下購買者的信息，然后匹配購買者和他/她擬購買產品的廣告語：
76.Jack passed the entrance exam and was admitted to a famous university. These days, his father is looking for a mobile phone for him so as to keep in touch with each other closely.
77.Tom was a senior middle school student. He likes sports very much and plays football every afternoon.But after class this afternoon he has to buy a pair of shoes because his shoes have been worn out.
78.There’s a party this evening — for Mary’s 15th birthday. Her family are making preparations for it. Her brother’s job is to buy some drink.
79.Joan doesn’t want to forget the past, especially the happy moments.
80.Bill travels a lot when he was younger. Now that he has stopped his work, he enjoys reading about foreign people, places and customs.
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