Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface, but earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much.
The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set (堅立架), it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir was not strong, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.
There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic (地震的) sea waves, or tsunamis (海嘯). These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They had nothing to do with tides. In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis” meaning “harbor waves”, because they reach a sizable (相當大的) height only in harbors.
Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An earthquake warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground: There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.
【小題1】Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?
| A．The number of earthquakes is closely related to the depth. |
| B．Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year. |
| C．Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles. |
| D．Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surface. |
| A．faulty building construction |
| B．an earthquake’s strength |
| C．widespread panic in earthquakes |
| D．ineffective instruments |
| A．their high speed |
| B．the wide shores |
| C．their silent movements |
| D．their long wave length |
| A．help reduce fear |
| B．find ways to stop them |
| C．be warned early enough |
| D．develop warning systems |
| A．two | B．five | C．four | D．three |
【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】C
【小題5】D
解析試題分析：本文介紹了地震的危害以及影響地震危害的3個因素，最后提及了地震和海嘯之間的關系。
【小題1】C 細節題。根據第一段1,2行Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface, but earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles.說明C項的說法是錯誤的，故C項符合要求。
【小題2】A 推理題。根據第二段But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir was not strong, but it completely destroyed the city.說明如果建筑不夠堅固，最輕微的搖晃也能導致很大的傷害。接著就舉例說明了，那么在Agadir這里的建筑應該屬于不夠牢固的建筑，故A正確。
【小題3】D 細節題。根據第三段第五行The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length.說明D項正確。
【小題4】C 推理題。根據最后一段1,2行Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An earthquake warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves.說明這樣的海嘯是可以被預測警告的，故Ｃ項正確。
【小題5】D 細節題。根據第二段6,7,8這3行內容If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic.說明有3個因素，故D正確。
考點：考查科普類短文閱讀
點評：本文屬于科普類短文，此類文章的最大的障礙是詞匯以及考生對閱讀內容的不熟悉，需要考生在閱讀的時候有足夠的耐心。要養成在上下文串聯中猜測詞義的能力，根據上下文中出現的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，以及詞義的解釋來理解生詞。同時要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影響。要根據題目及選項以及文章的上下文串聯合理的判斷推理。
科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江西省高二第二次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
The Iceberg Was Only Part ofIt
What doomed the Titanic is well known, at least in outline. On a moonless night of April 15, 1912, the ship hit an iceberg in the North Atlantic ,with 1,500 lives lost.
A century later many people presented new theories to explain the real reason for the disaster. Now two new studies argue that rare states of nature played major roles in the disaster.
The first says Earth’s nearness to the Moon and the Sun — a proximity not matched in more than 1,000 years — resulted in record tides that help explain why the Titanic met with so much ice, including the fatal iceberg.
Recently, a team of researchers found an apparent explanation in the heavens. They discovered that Earth had come unusually close to the Sun and Moon that winter, enhancing their gravitational pulls on the ocean and producing record tides. The rare orbits took place between December 1911 and February 1912 — about two months before the disaster came about. The researchers suggest that the high tides refloated masses of icebergs traditionally stuck along the coastlines of Labrador and Newfoundland and sent them adrift into the North Atlantic shipping lanes.
And a second, put forward by a Titanic historian from Britain, contends that the icy waters created ideal conditions for an unusual type of mirage(海市蜃樓) that hid icebergs from lookouts whose duty was to watch carefully for danger ahead and confused a nearby ship as to the liner’s identity, delaying rescue efforts for hours.
Most people know mirages as natural phenomena caused when hot air near the Earth’s surface bends light rays upward. In a desert, the effect prompts lost travelers to mistake patches of blue sky for pools of water. But another kind of mirage occurs when cold air bends light rays downward. In that case, observers can see objects and settings far over the horizon. The images often undergo quick distortions — not unlike the wavy reflections in a funhouse mirror.
Now, scholars of the Titanic are debating these new theories. Some have different opinions on it. Over all, though, many experts are applauding the fresh perspectives.
1.The underlined word "It" in the title probably refers to _______.
|
A．the Titanic |
B．the cause of the disaster |
|
C．the record tide |
D．an unusual mirage |
2.According to Theory First, what was the right chain of causes leading to the Titanic’s disaster?
① record tides’ forming and icebergs’ being refloated
② icebergs’ being drifted into the North Atlantic shipping lanes
③ the Earth’s strange closing to the Sun and the Moon
④ increasing of the gravitational force on the ocean
|
A．①→②→③→④ |
B．②→③→④→① |
C．④→③→②→① |
D．③→④→①→② |
3.According to Theory Second, the disaster happened to the Titanic mainly because______.
|
A．the freezing weather made the watcher not be able to watch clear |
|
B．the mirage made the watcher not find icebergs and a nearby ship delay rescuing |
|
C．the mirage on the sea attracted the watcher and made him forget his work |
|
D．the high tides drove the icebergs float so fast that the watcher didn’t respond to them |
4.What is the chief function of the sixth paragraph?
|
A．to explain to the readers the ways of the mirage forming |
|
B．to infer the possibility of the mirage appearing |
|
C．to summarize the various kinds of the mirage |
|
D．to analyze the conditions of the mirage arising |
5.This passage is organized generally in the pattern of________.
|
A．comparison and contrast |
B．conclusion and proof |
|
C．time and events |
D．definition and classification（分類) |
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科目：高中英語 來源：福建省福州市2009-2010學年度高二下學期期末聯考試卷（英語） 題型：完型填空
第二節：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36---55各題后的 A B C D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
Childish Voice
When I was a young child, my parents often told me that it was time to teach a man everything. I didn’t understand and wondered why 36 had such a big influence 37 a person. I thought I could grow up quickly to find it out as an adult．But now, 38 I come to knock at the door of adulthood, I feel 39 to express my own 40 on this saying. I know that I’m just a high school student with very 41 experiences. There are still many things 42 me in the future, yet I would like to express myself in a childish voice.
I once read this sentence: “To make this world a happy place to live, you’d better 43 yourself and your heart , instead of the whole world.” I was shocked. It made me think about life 44 . There are so many things around us that 45 our will. We can’t force life 46 our wishes. The earth won’t stop turning no matter whether we 47 it or not. What we can do is just to make ourselves 48 the world. I think we should learn to accept 49 life gives us, no matter whether it’s the spring sunlight or the winter snowfall, and try to be happy.
Deeply moved by the pop song Grandmother (by Jay Chou), I always try to 50 every pleasant thing in my life, but now I see I don’t catch most of the pleasant moments. It is more 51 that they slip by and leave you feeling 52 . I realize that I’m not just living 53 myself and that there are the others around me I should think of .They all pay attention to my growing up, even if it’s just a little progress.
Everyone has his or her own attitude towards life, be it positive or 54 .It doesn’t matter, I think. There is one 55 that should be obeyed—and that’s to make this world better.
36．A．man B．time C．thing D．parent
37．A．about B．with C．on D．in
38．A．before B．after C．as D．when
39．A．anxious B．worried C．tired D．glad
40．A．beliefs B．opinions C．confidences D．expressions
41．A．a few B．little C．few D．a little
42．A．waiting for B．sticking with C．dealing with D．doing with
43．A．ask B．change C．exchange D．force
44．A．myself B．itself C．oneself D．themselves
45．A．go with B．go along C．go ahead D．go against
46．A. being followed B. to be followed C. following D. to follow
47．A．receive B．accept C．refuse D．approve
48．A．fit in B．suit C．beat D．match
49．A．what B．whatever C．which D．why
50．A．miss B．catch C．escape D．lose
51．A．probably B．likely C．possibly D．unlikely
52．A．regretful B．awful C．successful D．terrible
53．A．for B．by C．on D．with
54．A．wrong B．false C．negative D．true
55．A．point B．rule C．thing D．word
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科目：高中英語 來源：福建省2009-2010學年度高二下學期4月月考英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature .However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses（球場） in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.
64. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?
A. Cycling around a lake. B. Motor racing in the desert.
C. Playing basketball in a gym. D. Swimming in a sports center.
65. What do we know about golf from the passage?
A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain.
B. It causes water shortages around the world.
C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.
D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.
66. The author uses power walking as an example mainly because______.
A. it is an outdoor sport B. it improves our health
C. it uses fewer resources D. it is recommended by experts
67. The author writes the passage to_______.
A. show us the function of major sports
B. encourage us to go in for green sports
C. discuss the major influence of popular sports
D. introduce different types of environment-friendly sports
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科目：高中英語 來源：浙江省杭州市2009-2010學年高二下學期期中考試試題（英語） 題型：閱讀理解
Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s surface. Earthquakes happen along "fault lines" in the earth’s crust. Earthquakes can be felt over large areas although they usually last less than one minute. Earthquakes cannot be predicted -- although scientists are working on it!
Most of the time, you will notice an earthquake by the gentle shaking of the ground. You may notice hanging plants swaying or objects wobbling on shelves. Sometimes you may hear a low rumbling noise or feel a sharp jolt. A survivor of the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco said the sensation was like riding a bicycle down a long flight of stairs.
The intensity of an earthquake can be measured. One measurement is called the Richter scale. Earthquakes below 4.0 on the Richter scale usually do not cause damage, and earthquakes below 2.0 usually can’t be felt. Earthquakes over 5.0 on the scale can cause damage. A magnitude 6.0 earthquake is considered strong and a magnitude 7.0 is a major earthquake. The Northridge Earthquake, which hit Southern California in 1994, was magnitude 6.7.
Earthquakes are sometimes called temblors, quakes, shakers or seismic activity. The most important thing to remember during an earthquake is to DROP, COVER and HOLD ON. So remember to DROP to the floor and get under something for COVER and HOLD ON during the shaking.
1. Which statement about earthquakes is not correct?
A. Earthquakes are the result of the sudden shock of the earth’s surface.
B. Earthquakes usually can be felt because they can last for a long time.
C. There are usually some signs for people to notice an earthquake.
D. People can feel an earthquake over 6.0 because it is very strong.
2. According to the passage, when the earthquake happened, a survivor of the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco_______.
A. was riding a bicycle B. was just climbing the stairs
C. heard a low rumbling noise D. felt like riding a bicycle
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Most of the time, people can not feel or predict the earthquakes.
B. Earthquakes are sometimes called temblors, quakes shakers or seismic activity.
C. The Northridge Earthquake in Southern California in 1994 caused severe damage.
D. When an earthquake happens, it is important to drop on the floor immediately.
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科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省200910學年度高一下學期期末考試試題（英語） 題型：閱讀理解
HANGZHOU－As a major province neighboring Shanghai, Zhejiang is set to benefit from the Expo in the city this year in more ways than one.
According to a survey from the Bureau of Shanghai World Expo Coordination, 80 percent of the respondents (回答者) going to the Expo have plans to travel and 75 percent of them will go to nearby places, such as Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing and Wuxi are the most popular sites, where tourism will be the best winner.
It is estimated (估計) that 70 million visitors will come to the Expo. During the peak time, as many as 700,000 people will visit Shanghai every day.
When all services such as hotels, meeting rooms, and transportation in Shanghai are full, it is possible for other activities to be held in nearby cities. And this is the golden opportunity for developing local tourism. The local hotel industry will benefit directly from the event.
Due to the Shanghai World Expo, Zhejiang will attract 20 million visitors within half a year. It will encourage local industries, such as catering, tourism, entertainment and shopping. More than 50 travel routines (線路) connecting Shanghai and other tourism spots, such as the West Lake in Hangzhou, gardens in Suzhou, and the waterscape in Shaoxing, will be introduced to the world. So far, local travel bureaus in Hangzhou, Ningbo, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Zhoushan, and Wenzhou have already sent special work teams to Shanghai to present their special tourism attractions to visitors.
The sharing and the connections of tourism resources as well as customer and service systems will also promote the areas in the Yangtze River Delta, which will in turn help to shape sustainable (可持續的), healthy tourism for the future.
64. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Hangzhou－the Heaven on earth
B. The Expo Shanghai 2010－a great success
C. Being at right place, right time for traveling
D. A good chance to develop tourism and others
65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. There will be more than 50 travel routines in Shanghai.
B. 75% of the people in Zhejiang will go to visit the Expo.
C. The local tourism will benefit a lot due to the Expo.
D. Hangzhou will benefit the most from the Expo.
66. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. More cities in neighboring provinces will be better known to the world.
B. Work teams have been sent to Shanghai to present the attractions to visitors.
C. As many as 700,000 people will visit Shanghai every day.
D. The Shanghai World Expo will promote all industries.
67. Which section of a newspaper may the article be taken from?
A. opinion B. advertisement C. news D. sports
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