Question

Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.

“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.

For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.

Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully  — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.

1.What’s the purpose of children telling lies?

   A. To help their friends out.

B. To get rid of trouble.

   C. To get attention from others.

D. To create a popular image.

2.The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “       ”.

A. tell lies                                B. handle troubles

C. raise questions                      D. do research

3.From the second paragraph we can know that       .

    A. which factors can reduce lying

B. why some lie more than others

C. it is normal for kids to tell lies

D. how lying changes as kids grow

4.It can be inferred from the passage that        .

A. children’s lies are the same as adults’

B. the better kids are, the more they lie

C. the older kids are, the more they lie

D. kids always keep the truth in their mind

5.What is NOT included in the passage?

A. The reasons why kids tell lies.

B. Which kind of kids tells more lies.

C. Experiments about lying of young kids.

D. What to do with lying children.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.C

5.D    

【解析】

1.細節理解題。結合第一段our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. 我們撒謊的原因大都一樣：為了擺脫麻煩、得到好處或者是為了讓我們在別人眼里變得更好。可知答案。

2.詞義理解題。結合整句話的含義：“不過越來越多的研究正在提出這樣的疑問：孩子的謊言和大人們的謊言有何不同；隨著年齡的增長，我們的撒謊行為會發生何種變化”可知deceive應是“說謊”的意思。

3.推理判斷題。結合The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage。“孩子說謊標志著他們到達了一個新的發展階段。”可知C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。結合At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show（在兩歲的孩子里，大約有四分之一的人會撒謊說他們沒有看過。三歲的孩子有一半會說謊，而到了四歲，這個數字是90%。）可知C項正確。

5.細節理解題。文章主要講述了孩子說謊的原因、那些孩子說謊多及關于孩子說謊的實驗而D項文章沒有提到。