Question

Have you ever heard the phrase, “Love is blind”? If so, you are already   21   with a type of mistake in our attempts to understand others: halo effects. This type of mistake    22   to the fact that once we form an overall impression of somebody, it could have strong effects on our   23     of his personality.   24  , halo effects are both common and powerful. For example, most organizations contain one or more “superstars”--- people who have earned the reputation for being unusually   25    and capable. Once they have gained such a “halo”, everything they do receives good   26   . Ideas that would be regarded as just so-so if suggested by someone else are seen as    27   when proposed by these persons. And actions that might be considered risky if taken by others are seen as brave when carried out by these “chosen” men and women.

As you can see, halo effects carry high costs. They may lead some persons to have an   28     high opinion of their own worth, while making things  29   for others who are equally deserving. Further, by giving too much influence to persons who are not ready to receive it, and by preventing hidden talent from being   30   , they can harm organizations as well as individuals. Clearly, then, it is important to recognize the existence and impact of halo effects; only then can their harmful effects be avoided.

21. A. familiar                            B. wrong                      C. connected                 D. bored

22. A. adds                          B. extends                    C. keeps                       D. refers

23. A. choices                      B. memories                 C. judgments                D. requirements

24. A. Unfortunately             B. Probably                  C. Hopefully                 D. Generally

25. A. amusing                     B. conscious                 C. fashionable               D. talented

26. A. comment                   B. reply                        C. effect                       D. opportunity

27. A. average                      B. excellent                  C. funny                       D. similar

28.A. unexpectedly               B. understandably          C. unreasonably            D. unsuccessfully

29. A. difficult                            B. disorderly                 C. valuable                   D. significant

30. A. harmed                      B. discovered                C. wasted                     D. protected

Answer 1

完形填空

21—25ADCAD            26—30ABCAB

解析:

【解讀】本文論述的是現(xiàn)在社會中普遍存在的一個現(xiàn)象“光圈效應(yīng)”，即：一個人因?yàn)槟承┨熨x才能，贏得了名聲，無論他做什么，人們都會夸大；這樣一來也就造成了許多的負(fù)面影響。

21. A。考查動詞詞組意思辨析和語境的理解。be familiar with熟悉；從語境知道，對于這種錯誤你也是熟知的。

22. D。考查動詞固定搭配以及詞意辨析。refer to 提到, 談到, 根據(jù)句意“這種錯誤涉及到一旦對于某人有了深刻的印象，就回影響到我們對他的判斷這一事實(shí)”。其余幾個搭配沒有“涉及”之意。

23. C。根據(jù)上下文分析知道，這里是說影響我們的判斷力。

24. A。考查副詞詞意辨析和語境的理解。從上下文知道很不幸，光圈效應(yīng)是普通的和強(qiáng)有力的。

25. D。考查語境的理解。從and 后的capable判斷應(yīng)該填入想對應(yīng)的詞，talented有才能的合乎題意。

26. A。根據(jù)上下文分析知道，一旦他們獲得光圈效應(yīng)，無論做什么都會獲得好評。

27. B。考查語境的理解。從上下文分析知道這里表示別人提到的平平的建議，一旦被他們提到，就會變成很好的提議，這其實(shí)也是光圈效應(yīng)。

28. C。考查副詞詞意辨析和語境的理解。一個人一旦被“光圈”覆蓋，他可能會極不合理的高估自己的價值。

29. A。考查語境的理解。從上文一個人高估自己的價值，可能對于同等該受獎勵的人來說事情變得是更困難了。

30. B。考查語境的理解。從上下文知道這里表示阻礙一個人的潛在的才能的被發(fā)現(xiàn)。