Nuclear energy has always been controversial. But since the tsunami and nuclear disaster in Fukushima (Japan) last year the issue is back in the headlines. And the world is divided— some countries are planning more nuclear plants, while others have promised to shut theirs down.
After Fukushima, Germany decided to switch off all its nuclear plants by 2022. Switzerland and Italy are also phasing out nuclear power. But France and the United States remain staunch supporters of atomic energy. In fact, almost 80% of France’s electricity comes from nuclear power, the highest percentage in the world. And in the US, the Obama administration said it “continues to support the expansion of nuclear power, despite the crisis in Japan.”
Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear power doesn’t create greenhouse gases. So, pro-nuclear countries argue that nuclear power allows them to generate energy without contributing to climate change. Britain’s chief scientific adviser (John Beddington) supports this view. He recently said that the world doesn’t have the luxury of ignoring nuclear energy.
Nuclear power is also relatively cheap. Renewable energy sources such as solar, hydro and wind power may be clean, but they’re expensive; and right now, they require a lot of investment. This higher cost of using “green energy” is usually passed onto the consumer. So, while many people may prefer their energy to come from a renewable source, not so many are prepared to pay higher energy bills. This is of particular concern while the world economy is in such bad shape.
The main argument against nuclear energy is that it isn’t safe. For a start, nuclear waste is very difficult to dispose of, and remains toxic to humans for thousands of years. And even before Fukushima, there were several high-profile nuclear disasters. The most famous is probably the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, in the Ukraine. The radiation from the meltdown spread all over Europe, affecting thousands.
The nuclear energy issue is very complex. And it doesn’t look like it’ll be resolved anytime soon. As a Japanese commentator recently said, “it’s been a bad year for the ‘nuclear village’, but I don’t think they’re down and out yet.” The battle continues.
1.Which of the following may NOT be the advantage of nuclear energy over other energy sources?
|
A．Nuclear energy doesn’t produce any greenhouse gases. |
|
B．Nuclear energy can help prevent the climate damage. |
|
C．Nuclear energy is more environmental-friendly than other green energy sources. |
|
D．Nuclear energy can save the consumers some money, compared to other renewable energies. |
2.What does the underlined word “this” refer to in paragraph 4?
|
A．The fact that many people prefer to use the green energy sources while unwilling to pay higher bill. |
|
B．The cost of using renewable sources |
|
C．The fact that the nuclear power is cheaper. |
|
D．The investment of renewable energy sources |
3.We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.
|
A．the Japanese commentator is positive about the future of nuclear energy |
|
B．the nuclear energy issue will be soon settled |
|
C．a battle will break out in the future |
|
D．Japan is considering to build a nuclear village in the future |
4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
|
A．To highlight the danger of using nuclear energy. |
|
B．To introduce some serious nuclear disasters. |
|
C．To show the argument between nuclear supporters and protesters. |
|
D．To give some advice on how to use nuclear energy safely. |
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.C
【解析】自從日本核泄漏以來，世界上有很多的爭論，文章客觀的向讀者展現了這一問題。
1.細節題。根據文章第3段可知AB是核能的優勢，第4段可知D也是優勢。C項表述錯誤，核能并不必綠色能源環保。
2.考查代詞。這里的this指代上文提及的This higher cost of using “green energy”，指這種高成本會被加到消費者身上。
3.推理題。根據最后一段的I don’t think they’re down and out yet.”說明這個人對核能的前景是樂觀的。
4.寫作意圖題。文章客觀的向我們解釋了人們對于核能的爭論。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
He could have been president of Israel or played violin at Carnegie Hall, but he was too busy thinking. His thinking on God, love and the meaning of life grace our greeting cards and day-timers.
Fifty years after his death, his shock (蓬亂) of white hair and hanging mustache still symbolize genius. Einstein remains the foremost scientist of the modern time. Looking back 2,400 years, only Newton, Galileo and Aristotle were his equals.
Around the world, universities and academies (研究院) are celebrating the 100th anniversary of Einstein's "miracle year" when he published five scientific papers in 1905 that basically changed our grasp of space, time, light and matter. Only he could top himself about a decade later with his theory of relativity.
Born in the age of horse-drawn carriages, his ideas launched a technological revolution that has made more change in a century than in the previous two thousand years. Computers, satellites, telecommunication, lasers, television and nuclear power all owe their invention to ways in which Einstein exposed a stranger and more complicated reality underneath the world．
He escaped Hitler's Germany and devoted the rest of his life to human rights and peace with an authority unmatched by any scientist today, or even most politicians and religious leaders. He spoke out against fascism (法西斯主義) and racial prejudice. His FBI (美國聯邦調查局) file ran 1,400 pages.
His letters expose a disorderly personal life -- married twice and indifferent toward his children while absorbed in physics. Yet he charmed lovers and admirers with poetry and sailboat outings. Friends and neighbors fiercely protected his privacy.
The first paragraph implies that Einstein _____.
A．had the gift for politics and music
B．had run for president before he worked at his research
C．was an excellent violinist
D．was more a political leader or a musician than a thinker
When you think of Einstein, what typical appearance was formed in your mind?
A．Funning and humorous, with an air of a musician.
B．Wearing very wide trousers, a moustache, with an image of an actor.
C．Rough untidy mass of white hair and hanging moustache, with an image of thinking.
D．Black long hair and moustache, with his eyes deep set.
Why was 1905 called Einstein’s “miracle year”?
A．Because he topped himself with the theory of relativity.
B．Because he made important discoveries of space, time, light and matter.
C．Because he published five papers on his theory of relativity.
D．Because he wrote five important articles to help people better understand space, time, light
and matter.
Which of the following is not true about Einstein according to the passage?
A．When he was absorbed in his research, he didn’t care for his family.
B．He tried to amuse his family and friends in his spare time.
C．He was so busy with the physical research that he showed no interest in politics.
D．His theory led to much improvement in many technological fields.
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings ,changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes ,but ,in my opinion ,the most important was the progress in science.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe ,it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development .Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings : in pure science―a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning ;in applied science―a more reasonable sharing of material benefits ,and better protection of the environment.
Sadly ,however ,there is another side to the picture .The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind .The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet .We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons ,Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War ,the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used ,the result could have been the ruin of the human race ,as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線）,good and ill together. “The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities―science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so ?Must the ill always go together with the good ?Are we biologically programmed for war?
72．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
（①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2, ③=Paragraph 3, ④=Paragraph 4,⑤=Paragraph 5）
73．From the fourth paragraph ,we can infer that .
A．a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war
B．a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war
C．the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons
D．the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth
74．The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
75．What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?
A．Further application of science to war.
B．More reading of William Shakespeare.
C．Proper use of science in the new century.
D．Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆四川省瀘州市高級教育培訓學校高三上學期10月月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：填空題
下面文章中有5處（第61–65題）需要添加小標題。請從以下選項（A、B、C、D、E和F）中選出符合各段意思的小標題，并在答題紙上將相應選項的標號涂黑。選項中有一項是多余選項。
（注意：請務必將答案填到答題卷相應位置！）
A. Slow Down Your Life
B. Escape Now and Then
C. Separate Your Actions
D. Allow Yourself to Be Weak
E. Relieve Pressure by Firmly Saying “No”
F. Stop Expecting Everything to Be Perfect
How to Simplify Your Life
Less is more. This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them, get rid of junk instead of piling it up, relax instead of stressing, slow down instead of speeding up. Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way. You will then find yourself well along on your journey to simplification.
【小題1】__________
When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didn't even know you had. Just imagine: you are at a fair and you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards. If you keep grabbing one and then the other, it will take forever, because one of them will keep slipping out from under your arm and running off. But if you tie one pig in a place, pick up the other, gather all your strength and make a dash for the finish line, pause for a moment, run back and get the other one, and with great determination, carry the second pig to the finish line, then you can be sure of success.
【小題2】________
The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations. In the modern nuclear family, the expectations that formerly would have been shared among all the relatives are now concentrated on the individual partner.
If you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough for all the things you need to do, then it's not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. A simple fact that overloaded people often tend to be forgot. The solution is equally simple: refuse to accept so many work assignments in your private life or your working life.
【小題3】________
“I can handle stress” is regarded as a positive statement in the world of work. People who can handle stress are given more and more to cope with -- until one day they break.
Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you are under more stress than you can cope with. These signals can come from various areas of life. You become ill, or your work efficiency decreases.
If you have any of these symptoms, change your life goals and decrease your tolerance of stress. Say quite openly, “I can't manage that.”
【小題4】__________
“If only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer, cleverer, then I would be happier.” This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill, depressed, and unhappy. Life has its flaws, defects, corners, and edges. Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.
Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous: driving a car; crossing the road. But life doesn’t consist entirely of these things. In/Among them there is a lot of room for small and large mistakes.
【小題5】_________
Successful people all have their own places where they can withdraw in order to work. Find out which places improve your creativity. For me it’s the train. When I know that I’m going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls and people knocking on my door, I find my mind is free and I can read or write complex articles. There can be problems working on the train, of course: if the person sitting opposite you keeps talking away, or if train trips make you tired (some people fall asleep after a few miles).
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆重慶西南大學附屬中學高二下學期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
It was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. “I’m going to college, but I need a way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying. “Buck said, ‘You should open a sandwich shop.’ ”
That afternoon, they agreed to be partners, and they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for $1000. DeLuca rented a storefront(店面) in Connecticut, and when they couldn’t cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another $1000.
But business didn’t go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, “After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn’t know how badly, because we didn’t have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.
DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They’d meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. “We persuaded ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful; we are opening a second store.’ ” And they did—in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.
But the partners’ learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers(供應商). “It probably took my two and a half hours and it wasn’t necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out.” DeLuca says.
And having a goal was also important, “There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds.
DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.
1.DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to__________.
A．support his family
B．pay for his college education
C．help his partner expand business
D．do some research
2.Which of the following is true of Buck?
A．He put money into the sandwich business.
B．He was a professor of business administration.
C．He was studying at University of Bridgeport.
D．He rented a storefront for DeLuca.
3.What can we learn about their first shop?
A．It stood at an unfavorable place.
B．It lowered the price to promote the sales.
C．It made no profits.
D．It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.
4.They decided to open a second store because they_______.
A．had enough money to do it
B．had succeeded in their business
C．wished to meet the increasing demand of customers
D．wanted to make believe that they were successful
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆山西省高一10月月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
We’ve heard about radiation from the damaged nuclear reactors in Japan reaching American shores. Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day. Where and how? NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.
MONTAGNE: How many things emit radiation?
Dr CARACAPPA: Well, radiation and radioactive material is a part of nature. So everything that’s living has some amount of radiation coming from it—a very small amout. Plus there’s radiation in the ground and the air.
So the extremes are uranium in the soil to bananas?
Yes.
By the way, why do bananas have radiation?
Bananas have a lot of potassium(鉀). And a small amount of potassium naturally is called potassium 40, which is radioactive
What’s the difference between radiation that’s harmful and not harmful?
Well, the term radiation can apply to a lot of different things. But the harmful radiation is ionizing(離子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material. We could get ionizing radiation from an X-ray, for example. It’s the kind of radiation that causes cancer.
The broader definition of radiation includes a lot of things that we call non-ionizing radiation. That includes everything like radio waves and visible light and your microwave.
So what then is the largest contributor of ionizing radiation?
For the natural sources of ionizing radiation, actually the biggest chunk of that tends to come from radon(氡), which is a radioactive material that is present in the air. It can become a concern when it builds up in low-lying areas of homes like basements.
Would it be fair to say that most people do not need to worry about the danger of being exposed to radiation?
I would say that the everyday exposure to radioation that we meet contributes an extremely tiny risk to our life or to our health compared to all of the other risks that we meet in our day-to-day life.
1.We can infer from the first paragraph that radiation is______.
|
A．rare |
B．powerful |
C．dangerous |
D．common |
2.The passage may be _______.
|
A．an interview |
B．an argument |
C．a talk show program |
D．a science report |
3.Whether radiation is harmful or not depends on______.
|
A．whether it has a small amount of potassium |
|
B．whether it changes chemical in materials. |
|
C．whether it has energy to change materials |
|
D．whether it is visible in life |
4.The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.
|
A．advise on how to protect us from radiation |
|
B．analyze what causes radiation in daily life |
|
C．warn people of the danger of radiation |
|
D．expect people not to fear everyday radiation |
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