Some kinds of animals can change their color with _______.
A. conditions B environment C. surroundings D. situation
C.考查名詞詞義辨析。condition表示環(huán)境時(shí)主要指抽象意義上的環(huán)境；environment既表示抽象的環(huán)境也可以指具體的物質(zhì)環(huán)境，意義側(cè)重范圍大 ，大背景，如：自然環(huán)境，社會(huì)環(huán)境；surroundings復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“周圍的物質(zhì)環(huán)境”；situation指“位置，形式；狀態(tài)”。句意：一些動(dòng)物可呈現(xiàn)出周圍環(huán)境的顏色（周圍環(huán)境的改變而改變）故C項(xiàng)最合適。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011屆廣東高州長(zhǎng)坡中學(xué)高三第6周抽考英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解
Scientists are closely concerned with the structure of buildings and with the quality of building materials． The World health Organization （WHO) observes that the introduction of air conditioning and energy conservation （保護(hù)) measures have been accompanied by growing problems of indoor air quality． Some pollutants arise from insulation （隔音) products, some from moving cars, and others from modern housing materials． As many Europeans spend up to 90% of their lives in buildings, the health effects of the indoor climate are very important．
Some construction materials, including fiberboard, insulation foams and certain glues for man-made wood floor boards, for example, give out organic products such as formaldehyde （甲醛)． Heat and humidity increase the release of formaldehyde and the gas seriously harms the eyes． Paint, lacquer, etc． can also release dangerous gas into indoor air．
Construction materials can cause serious damage, especially when they contain asbestos（石棉）． Asbestos is naturally present in rock formations worldwide． It belongs to a family of mineral substances made up of solid, non-combustible（非易燃品） fiber． These properties make asbestos a highly sought-after construction material． As early as 1931, however, public health officers in t
he United Kingdom revealed the connection between breathing in asbestos dust and such diseases as lung cancer．
The land on which a building is sited may also contribute to pollution． Some kinds of granite or similar rocks contain traces of radium． As it breaks down, this naturally radioactive element produces some kind of radioactive gas that goes through tiny cracks in walls, floors and building materials, and makes its way into the building and the rooms． The better the homes are insulated, the more is the dangerous gas in indoor air． The main effect of this dangerous gas on health is to increase the risk of lung cancer．
【小題1】What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．Some building materials pollute indoor air． |
| B．Some factors cause indoor air pollution． |
| C．Asbestos can cause lung cancer． |
| D．The land on which houses are built contributes to indoor pollution． |
| A．Lots of building materials there are radioactive． |
| B．They stay home up to 90% of their lives． |
| C．They have a high rate of lung cancer． |
| D．They spend most of their time indoors． |
| A．It is a kind of insulation foam． |
| B．Asbestos will not give out dangerous gas． |
| C．This material is not easy to catch fire． |
| D．It is rarely present in rock formations． |
| A．To determine whether the land is firm enough for a building to be sited on． |
| B．To make sure that the land contains no radioactive material． |
| C．To make certain that the land releases no formaldehyde or other gases． |
| D．To check whether it contains any combustible materials． |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年重慶市楊家坪中學(xué)高二12月月考英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. There are hundreds of kinds of sharks. Most are about two meters long. The dogfish shark, however, is less than twenty centimeters in length. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of matters in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.
Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of all sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal.
Sharks are important for the world’s oceans. They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too large. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased because many parts of a shark are valuable. Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark. Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin A. The skin of a shark can be used like leather.
In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins. Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth, but some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth. If too many sharks in one area are killed, that group of sharks may never return to normal population levels.
【小題1】Which of the following words best describes the situation sharks are in?
| A．Good. | B．Expensive. | C．Powerful. | D．Endangered. |
| A．which is a threat to all other forms of life in the oceans |
| B．which is a protection for plants and other forms of life in the oceans |
| C．which helps prevent diseases from spreading |
| D．which helps the number of other fish to grow |
| A．its jaws | B．its liver | C．shark fins | D．shark teeth |
| A．sharks are valuable to us and we can make full use of them |
| B．oceans will become safer with fewer sharks swimming around |
| C．measures should be taken to protect sharks |
| D．the shark population is increasing slowly |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013-2014學(xué)年河南省高一上學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
In the rush to get to school, you drop a piece of toast on the floor. Do you throw it away or dec ide it’ s still OK to eat? If you’re like most people, you eat it. Maybe you follow the “5-second rule”, which claims foods are safe to eat if you pick them up within 5 seconds after dropping them. But you might want to think again. Scientists now say that 5 seconds is all it takes for foods to become polluted with enough bacteria（細(xì)菌） to make you sick.
Bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses. Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food. If you eat foods on which these bacteria are growing, you can become sick.
One of these food-borne bacteria is Salmonella. It makes 1.4 million people sick every year. Salmonella is often found in raw eggs and chicken. Cooking kills these bacteria, which is why it is so important to cook eggs, chicken, and other foods thoroughly.
But how long does it take these bacteria to pollute food? A team of scientists in South Carolina did an experiment. First, they placed an amount of Salmonella on three surfaces; wood, tile (瓦片), and carpet. They placed a piece of bread and a piece of bologna（大臘腸） on each surface for 5,30, or 60 seconds. After just 5 seconds, both the bread and the bologna picked up enough bacteria to make you sick.
So forget the 5-second rule. If your toast drops on the floor, throw it away and get another piece of clean toast. This time, be careful not to drop it!
1. In which part of a newspaper can you most probably find this passage?
A. Culture B. Health C. Advertisement D. Technology
2.After dropping a piece of toast , a person who follows the “5-second rule”will
A. throw away dirty toast immediately and go away
B. pick up the toast as quickly as possible and eat it
C. eat the toast within 5 seconds and feel pleased
D. get another piece of clean toast quickly and eat it
3. The scientists in South Carolina did the experiment to
A.see how quickly bacteria can pollute food
B. show that the 5-second rule a correct
C. see how harmful bacteria are to people’ health
D. show that bacteria grow at different speeds on different foods
4. What’s the writer’s attitude to the “5-second rule”?
A. Positive B. Negative C. Neutral (中立) D. Cautious (謹(jǐn)慎)
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：山東省2009-2010學(xué)年度高一第二學(xué)期模塊考試（英語(yǔ)） 題型：閱讀理解
There are some kinds of detectives who do not wear a uniform, like Hausman, solve endless mysteries every year. There is, for example, the dust detective. Tiny bits of dust stick to your clothes, your fingernails, your hair, or your shoes. They catch in your nose and in your ears. They tell where you have been and what you have done lately. The dust detective often helps catch a criminal by proving that he has been on the scene of the crime（罪案）.
Then there is the wood detective. By studying a piece of wood he can tell what kind of tree the piece of wood came from. He can tell where it was grown, and how old it is. He can even tell you what the weather was like at a certain place the year Columbus landed in America. The growth rings on a tree tell him.
64．According to the selection, by studying a piece of wood, a wood detective can tell you________.
A．what the weather was like the year Columbus landed in America.
B．what the weather was like last year in the mountain
C．what the weather was like last month in your hometown
D．what kind of tree the piece of wood came from
65．What does the underlined word “they”(para. 1) mean?
A．Your clothes B．Your finger-nail
C．Tiny bits of dust D．Your shoes
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆江蘇省高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：填空題
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。
You probably know what fast food is. It is cooked food that is ready almost as soon as you enter a public eating place. It does not cost much.
Most fast food restaurants are chain (連鎖) restaurants. That means each one is part of a huge company. Each restaurant in the chain has the same large, colorful sign that can be easy to recognize from far away. Each offers its own carefully limited choice of foods. Each kind of hamburger or piece of chicken tastes the same at every restaurant in the chain.
The fast food industry began with two brothers in the nineteen forties. Mac and Dick McDonald owned a small, but very successful restaurant. They sold only a few kinds of simple food, especially hamburgers. People stood outside the restaurant at a window. They told the workers inside what they wanted to eat. They received and paid for their food very quickly. The food came in containers that could be thrown away. The system was so successful that the McDonald brothers discovered they could sell a lot of food and lower their prices.
Ray Kroc sold restaurant supplies. He recognized the importance of the McDonald brothers' idea. Kroc paid the McDonald brothers for permission to open several restaurants similar to theirs. He opened the first McDonald's restaurant near Chicago in nineteen fifty-five. Soon, more McDonald's were opening all across the United States. Other people copied the idea and more fast food restaurants followed.
Fast food restaurants spread quickly in the United States because of franchising. Franchising means selling the legal right to operate a store in a company's chain to an independent business person. If the company approves, the business person may buy the store for a period of years. Each restaurant also gives the company about ten percent of the money it earns in sales. Today, over seventy percent of McDonald's restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent businessmen and women.
|
McDonald's and fast food industry |
|
|
Explanation of fast food |
It is cooked food which is more convenient and much (1.) than other food. |
|
Characters of the chain restaurants |
There are: ▲(2.) recognized signs ▲carefully (3.) choice of foods ▲the (4.) tastes of food at every restaurant in the chain. |
|
(5.) of McDonald's |
It developed from Mac and Dick McDonald’s (6.) but successful restaurant which (7.) some kinds of simple food with different service from others’. |
|
Great changes brought by Kroc to McDonald's |
▲The McDonald brothers (8.) Kroc to open several same restaurants with theirs. ▲Franchising made Fast food restaurants spread (79) in the United States. |
|
Current situation |
At most (9.) percent of McDonald's restaurants worldwide are not run by independent businessmen and women. |
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