Question

（15分）有機物A為芳香烴，質譜分析表明其相對分子質量為92，某課題小組以A為起始原料可以合成酯類香料H和高分子化合物I，其相關反應如下圖所示：                                                       
已知以下信息：
①碳烯（:CH₂）又稱卡賓，它十分活躍，很容易用它的兩個未成對電子插在烷烴分子的C-H鍵之間使碳鏈增長。
②通常在同一個碳原子連有兩個羥基不穩定，易脫水形成羰基。
回答下列問題：

（1）A的化學名稱為         。
（2）由B生成C的化學方程式為                ，該反應類型為          。                                                              （3）G的結構簡式為           。
（4）請寫出由F生成I的化學方程式                                             。
（5）寫出G到H的反應方程式                                       。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
（6）H的所有同分異構體中，滿足下列條件的共有        種；
①含有苯環        ②苯環上只有一個取代基          ③屬于酯類
其中核磁共振氫譜有五種不同化學環境的氫，且峰面積比為1:1:2:2:6的是           （寫結構簡式）。

Answer 1

（1）甲苯（）（2）；取代反應
（3）;（4）
（5）
（6）15種， 

試題分析：（1）由于A是芳香烴，結合A的相對分子質量，可確定A是甲苯；（2）根據題意可得B是乙苯；乙苯與氯氣在光照下發生取代反應得到C：由B生成C的化學方程式為；（3）C與NaOH的水溶液發生反應得到D：；D與銀氨溶液發生反應，然后酸化得到G：；G與乙醇發生酯化反應得到H：。該反應的方程式為；（4）D與H₂發生加成反應得到E：；E在濃硫酸作用下發生消去反應得到F：；F在一定條件下發生加聚反應得到I：；反應的方程式是。（5）G與乙醇發生酯化反應得到H的方程式為。（6）H的所有符合條件的同分異構體一共有15種，它們分別是： ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.其中核磁共振氫譜有五種不同化學環境的氫，且峰面積比為1:1:2:2:6的是。