Question

One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations(適應(yīng)能力) was Charles Darwin(達(dá)爾文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(觀察) nature more than having medical classes. He dropped out without graduating.

Next, Charles’ father sent him to school to become a minister(牧師). This time he made it to graduation, but he didn’t want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.

Luckily, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist after graduation. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their task was to make maps of the places they visited.

On December 27th, 1831. Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to begin his scientific study.

Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.

1.Darwin was very interested in ____________.

A．having medical classes                   B．the work of a minister

C．sailing around the world                  D．science and nature

2.The trip on the Beagle lasted ____________ years.

A．five                                  B．four

C．three                                D．two

3.When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was ____________ years old.

A．twenty                               B．twenty-three

C．forty-five                              D．fifty

4.The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ____________.

A．a(chǎn)daptations                            B．Darwin and Wallace

C．a(chǎn)nimals                               D．Darwin’s ideas

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.A

【解析】

試題分析：這篇文章講述了達(dá)爾文的生命歷程，以及他對(duì)科學(xué)和自然的熱愛(ài)使他在50歲的時(shí)候，完成了生物適者生存的論文。

1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(觀察) nature more than having medical classes.可知，達(dá)爾文對(duì)科學(xué)和自然感興趣。故選D

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章In fact, it lasted five.可知，《比格爾》的航行了五年。故選A

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章可知，1831年他開始隨船航行，在航行了5年之后，他花費(fèi)為了23年的時(shí)間也就是1859年完成了一篇科學(xué)論文，可知，那時(shí)候他已經(jīng)50歲了。故選D

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代).可知，達(dá)爾文描述了一些動(dòng)物是如何適應(yīng)環(huán)境，幫助它們生存下來(lái)，那種適應(yīng)能力傳遞了后代。所以，they指代的是適應(yīng)能力。故選A

考點(diǎn)：人物傳記類說(shuō)明文

點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文的思路清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)明確。首先對(duì)文章的大致意思進(jìn)行了解。初三英語(yǔ)閱讀多為細(xì)節(jié)題，考察學(xué)生的信息捕捉能力。對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題，學(xué)生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上要對(duì)題目中關(guān)鍵字在文章中迅速定位，找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的出處，答題比較備選答案的區(qū)別及和文章信息最相關(guān)的是哪個(gè)，即那個(gè)就為正確答案。