Question

A person has been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give him a transfusion (輸血) because he has lost much blood in the accident. However, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for him. If the blood is too different from his own, the transfusion can kill him.
There are four basic blood groups: A, B, AB and O. A single test can tell us a person’s blood group. Everybody is born with one of these four blood groups. People’s blood group, like hair colour, is inherited (繼承) from parents.
Because the substances contained in each group are different, transfusion must be given carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can be given to any other group, so it is often called the universal donor. On the contrary, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient (接受者). However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血漿) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad results of the transfusion.
There is a relationship between our blood groups and our nationalities. Among the Europeans, about 42 percent are blood group A while 45 percent are blood group O. The rarest is blood group AB. However, some American Indian groups are nearly 100 percent blood group O.
【小題1】Which of the following shows the correct relationship in blood transfusion? (→ =" giving" blood to)

【小題2】Usually, before being given a transfusion, ________.

A．a person needs to receive salt or plasma first

B．a person needs to have a good rest

C．a person needs to have a lot of food and water

D．a person needs to find the person with the same blood group as him

【小題3】The third most common blood type among the Europeans is _______.

A．A

B．B

C．AB

D．O

【小題4】Which is NOT right according to the passage?
A. A person’s blood group depends on his parents.
B. There is only one kind of blood group in a person’s body.
C. About 13 percent of the Europeans have blood group AB.
D. Most of American Indians can be universal blood donors.
【小題5】Which is the best title for the passage?  

A．Blood transfusion	B．Blood groups
C．Car accidents	D．Blood group and nationalities

Answer 1

【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】C
【小題5】B

解析試題分析：這篇文章講述的是人類具有的不同的血型以及不同血型之間該如何輸血。
【小題1】細節題。根據文章可知，A,B血型可以給AB血型的人輸血，O血型可以給A,B,AB血型的人輸血。故選D
【小題2】細節題。根據文章However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血漿) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible.可知，一個人被輸血之前，首先要吸收一些鹽水或者血漿。故選A
【小題3】細節題。根據文章可知，在歐洲，百分之四十二的人是A型血，百分之四十五是O型血，最稀缺的血型是AB型，可知，第三種最普遍的血型是B型血。故選B
【小題4】細節題。根據文章可知，在歐洲B血型和AB血型的人總共占百分之十三。故選C
【小題5】主旨題。這篇文章講述的是人類具有的不同的血型以及不同血型之間如何輸血。故選B
考點：科普類說明文
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