Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.
Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It’s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.
“It seems that positive(積極的) feelings may reduce (減少)the danger of illness,” said the study’s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.
In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.
In this study, Cohen’s interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally(相等地) likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.
Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.
【小題1】Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?
| A．People talked about their feelings every day. |
| B．People were kept alone for six days. |
| C．People were given colds by doctors. |
| D．People were made to feel unhappy. |
| A．People who felt happy never got ill. |
| B．People’s feelings didn’t influence their health. |
| C．People with good feelings became ill more easily. |
| D．People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses.. |
| A．Eating. | B．Crying. | C．Laughing. | D．Sleeping. |
| A．Smiles can fight colds | B．Cause of colds found |
| C．The danger of colds | D．How people get sick |
【小題1】D
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：本文敘述了積極愉快的心情能把感冒趕走。研究人員謝爾登科恩，對193人進行兩周的研究發現，情緒積極愉快的人得的病不太嚴重，持續時間也短。因此最后得出結論，積極的心情會有利于戰勝疾病。
【小題1】推理判斷題。根據During the interviews, the people told researchers about were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days. 可知在研究中人們被醫生告知得了感冒，必須獨自一個房間待六天，故BC項是研究的內容，故排除。根據But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, 可知人們每天說出自己的感覺，因此A項也是研究內容，故排除。故選D。
【小題2】細節理解題。根據 But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.可知研究結果表明那些心情愉快的人得的病不嚴重，而且持續時間也較短。故選D。
【小題3】推理判斷題。根據Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. 可知科恩認為人們有積極的情緒時，身體可能產生一種有利于戰勝疾病的化學物質，故推斷所心情愉快有利于戰勝疾病，故選C。
【小題4】標題歸納題。根據Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.可知全文圍繞著愉快的心情有利于戰勝疾病，趕走感冒。故選A。
考點：日常生活類短文閱讀。
階梯計算系列答案科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
閱讀某網站上學生的留言和老師的回復，并將它們配對，請把序號A——E填入66和70題。答案均寫在對應的括號內。
【小題1】Mary: I have been taking piano lessons for a whole year. I practice playing the piano for two hours every day. I have tried my best but I still can’t play it well.
【小題2】Jane: I’m in the school art club. But I don’t like drawing at all. I really want to learn dancing.
【小題3】Tom: My parents never allow me to play computer games at all. They want me to study all day.
【小題4】William: I fight with my friends about just anything. We have arguments over sports, cars, games that we play, and much more.
【小題5】Jack: I want to take part in some after-school activities, but my parents think they are too dangerous.
You should give your friends and yourself some time to calm down in order to solve the problem.
Don’t worry. Even great piano players have to practice a lot. Hard work and lots of practice are the only ways of becoming a good piano player.
Tell your parents that many kids play computer games but they do well at school. Ask them to let you play computer games for a short time on weekends.
Some after-school activities are good for your studied and health. You can talk to your parents about the advantages of the activities.
At 8:30 pm on may 1st, dance lovers will enjoy their favorite dance music and show their beautiful dance to everyone at the Central Square. Great dance teachers will teach you.
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
At present, more and more people are crazy about travelling. Why do people travel? “To see more of the world.” many people would say. But travelling abroad now means much more than that for the growing number of Chinese tourists. Of course it offers us good opportunities to meet people from other countries, learn about their culture and customs.
According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), more than 1 billion people travelled to another country in 2012. In 2012, Chinese people travelled abroad 30 percent more than in 2011. The prosperity (繁榮) of the tourism industry can also bring both our country and foreign countries great economic benefits (經濟利益). Chinese people usually travel abroad in large tourist groups and visit several countries in one trip.
Chinese people don’t just travel for sightseeing. The China International Travel Service Company said that all their tour trips sold out a month before Christmas Day. Stores offered discounts (打折) during that time, so shopping in Europe and the United States is popular among Chinese travelers.
In December, China is going through a very cold winter. So many people like to go to some countries in Southeast Asia because the weather there is quite pleasant.
The improvement of living standards means more Chinese can travel abroad. But many of them don’t have a sense of public manners. A report by Living Social website in March 2012 even listed Chinese as the world’s second worst tourists.
If you want to change that bad name, remember to avoid the following: littering, spitting, snatching bus seats, line-jumping, taking off shoes in public, talking loudly and smoking in non-smoking areas. Besides, we should learn some necessary manners of foreign countries.
【小題1】What are more and more people crazy about at present?
【小題2】How many people traveled to another country in 2012?
【小題3】Where is shopping popular among Chinese travelers?
【小題4】Why do people like to go to some countries in Southeast Asia in winter?
【小題5】What do Chinese people do when they travel abroad?
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
We always celebrated Dad’s birthday on Thanksgiving Day, even after he entered a nursing home. When we knew it might be his last birthday, the whole family decided to get together for a huge birthday celebration at the nursing home.
Dad was a good storyteller and we were always his listeners. During a quiet moment, I announced it was now Dad’s turn to listen to stories for a change. I wanted everyone to tell Dad what we loved about him. The room became quiet. Then one after another, people told stories from their hearts, while Dad listened with tears in eyes.
Everyone seemed to have more than one story. Even the little grandchildren couldn’t wait to tell Dad why they loved him. For a man who had been kind to so many hundreds of people in his life, here was our chance to tell him how much we love him. A few months later, at Dad’s memorial service, we more fully realized what we had given to Dad that night. Those are the stories people normally tell at a funeral (葬禮) after a loved one is no longer alive to hear the words. They tell stories, full of tears. But we had given those memories to Dad in his life, and we had told them through laughter, together with hugs and joy. He had them to hold and enjoyed them from time to time in his mind during his last days and months.
Words do matter, and they are enough. We just need to say them or to speak them publicly the ones we love. That’s the ways to give back love and that’s our chance to celebrate a person in his or her life.
【小題1】The writer’s family decided to have a huge birthday celebration because______.
| A．Dad was to leave the hospital |
| B．it might be Dad’s last birthday |
| C．they would celebrate Thanksgiving Day |
| D．Dad was at the nursing home |
| A．all the family loved the father, including the little grandchildren |
| B．the writer’s father was still enjoying good health |
| C．the party was held at the writer’s home |
| D．the doctor told the writer his father was going to die at once |
| A．surprised | B．moved | C．sad | D．frustrated |
| A．An Amazing Story | B．A Kind Father |
| C．Say Our Love Publicly | D．A Big Party |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The Big Lottery is giving money to groups of teenagers between 14 and 19 who want to become active citizens. The teenagers who would like to help make the area you live in better,cleaner, safer and more friendly can actually get money for improving your local community (社區).We have $ 80,000 to give away. We are looking for young people to take part inschemes(規劃) and projects near to where they live.
Here are a few easy things you could do to get started.
Meeting the neighbors Everybody needs good neighbors. Knock onpeople's door and find out what they would like improving in your area. Set a date for a meeting and then make some plans together. If you don't want to go round to their houses, then you could always put a note through their doors.
Neighborhood watch Neighborhood watch schemes are very popular in the UK. If you go away on holiday and leave your house, it's very nice to know that a neighbor is keeping an eye on it. It's a good way to make the area you live in safer. You could set one up easily and quickly.
Lending a hand There are often elderly people living in the neighborhood who may not be able to do the things that you can. Offer to do iheir shopping once a week, look after their garden for them or maybe walk their dog.
No littering Nobody likes picking up other people's rubbish, but a clean street can make all the difference. Take it in turns to go out once or twice a week and see what you can find. You never know, one day you might find something valuable.
Recycling Nearly two-thirds of your rubbish can be recycled. Some areas already provide places to people to recycle bottles, tins, plastic and paper. Find out if this is done in your neighborhood. Ifit's not, do something about it.
So go on...Just tell us what kind of project you want to join jn. Then we'll send you more details. Take positive action and help make your neighborhood a better place to live in.
【小題1】The aim of the Big Lottery is_ .
| A．to make the neighborhood busier |
| B．to help the old people in the community |
| C．to improve the local community |
| D．to help young babies in the neighborhood |
| A．Anyone who wants to. | B．All the teenagers. |
| C．Students in the neighborhood. | D．Teenagers from 14 t0 19. |
| A．neighborhood watch is good to make the community cleaner |
| B．how to make the community safer and morefriendly |
| C．lending a hand means to lend some money to others |
| D．to help neighbors do what they wouldn't like to do. |
| A．Recycle the rubbish and take tums to pick up others' rubbish. |
| B．Pick up the rubbish and find something valuable in the street. |
| C．Find out the recycled rubbish and throw them everywhere. . |
| D．Try to recycle three-fourths ofyour rubbish once or twice a week. |
| A．Discuss plans with your neighbor for improving your area. |
| B．Do some shopping once a week for old people who can't do it. |
| C．Pick up the rubbish everywhere in the street to make your area cleaner. |
| D．Look after the garden, walk the dogs for the old in order to get much money. |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Teens Enjoy Reading
According to a survey on reading conducted by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important—more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the twelve to eighteen years old children interviewed said they enjoy reading a lot. Seventy-nine percent find it stimulating and interesting, and 87% think it is relaxing. Most of those surveyed (68%) disagree with the opinion that reading is boring, or old-fashioned.
Teens Read Variety of Material
Over half the teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also showed that middle-school students read more books than high school students. Most teens (66%) like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Only 26% were interested in non-fiction, such as biographies and history books. Sixty-four percent of students liked reading ‘stories about people of my own age’ as their favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture and heritage.
Other Interests
Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complained that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date, interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the U.S. enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.
Another survey which is published by www. SmartGirl.com studied the differences between teenage boys’ and girls’ reading habits. According to the report, more girls than boys read for fun. Many more girls (77%) than boys (6%) read fashion and beauty magazines. More boys (47%) than girls (7%) read magazines about video games, but an equal number of each like to read adventure stories and newspapers. Girl also read more material about celebrities and social issues such as crime, drugs, or poverty. Boys, on the other hand, read more about sports.
【小題1】Most teens enjoy reading______.
| A．history books | B．novels and stories |
| C．about their own culture | D．about science |
| A．reading books | B．watching TV |
| C．reading magazines | D．listening to music |
| A．Teens’ Reading Habit | B．Another Survey about Teens |
| C．Boys’ and Girls’ Interests | D．Boys’ and Girls’ Habits Differ |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Little Mike’s grandma died weeks ago. He missed her very much. One afternoon Mike went to the city park where his grandma used to go. There he saw an old lady. She looked very kind. She was sitting there, watching pigeons(鴿子). Little Mike went up and sat next to her. He took out his food and drinks and gave some to her. She smiled at him. Her smile was so sweet that Mike wanted to see it again. She seemed to understand him, so once again she smiled. Mike was very glad.
They sat there all the afternoon, eating and talking. As it grew dark, Mike got up to leave. Before he left, he hugged the old lady and she gave her sweetest smile.
When Mike got home, his mother was surprised by the look of joy on his face. “I met a granny in the park. Her smile was like the kind of smile I had seen on Grandma’s face.”
The old lady also returned to her home happily. She told her son that she had food and drinks with a little boy. “He was as lovely as Brittany.” She said. Her son was surprised, because he had never seen her so happy since Brittany, her grandson, died weeks ago.
【小題1】Little Mike went to the park and ______.
| A．played with pigeons |
| B．fed pigeons |
| C．met an old lady |
| D．saw a friend of his grandma’s |
| A．she had hoped to meet the boy |
| B．she wanted to get some drinks |
| C．she missed her grandson |
| D．she liked the little boy |
| A．he gave the granny food and drinks |
| B．the old lady was as kind as his grandma |
| C．he had seen his grandma |
| D．she liked the little boy |
| A．were good to each other |
| B．knew each other well |
| C．often met in the park |
| D．did nothing that afternoon |
| A．When one feels unhappy, he must go to a park. |
| B．Old people are always kind and happy. |
| C．Children and old people should get on well with each other. |
| D．When people are kind to each other, they will feel happy. |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Mental health is about the way you think and feel and your ability to deal with ups and downs. Even though you are mentally healthy, it doesn’t that you don’t have a mental health problem.
Mental health is everyone’s business. We all have times when we feel down or . Most of the time those feelings pass, sometimes they develop into a more serious problem. It seems that our mental health doesn’t always stay the same. It can change as the environment changes and as you move different stages(階段) of your life.
Here are four practical to look after your mental health. Making simple changes to how you live doesn’t cost much or take up lots of time. Anyone can them.
●Talk about your feelings. It can help you stay in good mental health. It isn’t a sign of , but part of your ability to do what you can to stay healthy.
●Eat well. What you eat and how you feel are connected. A proper diet can have a good effect on your mental health.
●Keep in touch. Friends and family members can offer advice which may help you keep active and solve practical problems.
●Take a break. It could be a weekend new places to enjoy the nature, or even a ten-minute break from doing your homework. A few minutes can be enough to relax you.
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
任務型閱讀 閱讀短文，按要求完成各題（5分） 
Minoru Yamasaki was a well-known American architect（建筑師）．He was born in 1912 in Seattle．Washington．His parents came from Japan．
Minoru went to college to study architecture．Every summer he worked in a fish factory to help pay for college．Often he worked from four o’clock in the morning until midnight．He slept in a room with 100 other men．Later in life．Yamasaki remembered these times and was always good to his workers．
Yamasaki sometimes dreamed about his work．Once he woke up at three o’clock in the morning．He got up and started to draw the building that was in his dream and he still remembered．Yamasaki used a new design for the buildings．These buildings are now the Century Plaza Hotel，and Tower in Los Angeles，California．
Yamasaki was different from other architects．His buildings give people a feeling of peace and happiness．Many of his designs have pools of water，flowers，and windows on the roof to let in light．He always designed buildings to please people．He wanted to give them a place away from the busy ways of modern life．
Yamasaki worked for several companies．But his success began when he started his own company．In 1956，he won the Architect’s First Honor Award for his design of an airport in St．Louis．Missouri．He won two more awards over the next five years．In l962，he designed the World Trade Center in New York．It is very famous．
In l993，a bomb exploded（炸彈爆炸）in the World Trade Center．But the buildings did not fall down because they had a good design．
Yamasaki had strong opinions about his buildings．They had to be built his way．He refused to change the design of his buildings，even if he lost a job．
Minoru Yamasaki died in l986．He designed more than 300 buildings．People will enjoy the design and beauty of his buildings for a very longtime．
【小題1】根據短文內容完成句子填空（每空限填一個單詞）。
In the first paragraph the writer of the passage tells us ____________ and ____________ Minoru Yamasaki was born．
【小題2】根據短文內容完成句子填空（每空限填一個單詞）。
The buildings that Minoru Yamasaki designed are different from the other architects’ because his buildings always make people feel______________ and ______________
【小題3】根據短文內容回答問題。
From which sentence in the passage can we know Yamasaki had strong opinions about his buildings?
【小題4】把短文中畫底線的句子譯成漢語。
【小題5】根據短文內容用一個完整的英文句子（限8個詞以內）回答問題。
Minoru Yamasaki was a well—known American architect．What is he famous for?
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