Question

Modern man has cleared the forests for farmland and for wood, and has also carelessly burned them. More than that, though, he has also interfered （干涉） with the invisible bonds between the living things in the forests. There are many examples of this kind of destruction. The harmfulness of man’s interference can be seen in what happened many years ago in the forest of the Kaibab plateau （凱亞巴布高原） of northern Arizona. Man tried to improve on the natural web of forest life and destroyed it instead.
The Kaibab had a storybook forest of large sized pine, Douglas fir, white fir, blue and Engelmann spruce. In 1882 a visitor noted, "We, who ... have wandered through its forests and parks, have come to regard it as the most enchanting region it has ever been our privilege （特權） to visit.” This was also the living place of the Rocky Mountain mule deer. Indians hunted there every autumn to gather meat and skins. The forest also had mountain lions, timber wolves and bobcats that kept the deer from multiplying too rapidly.
Then, in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. Deer hunting was forbidden. Government hunters started killing off the deer’s enemies. In 25 years’ time, 6,250 mountain lions, wolves and bobcats were killed. Before the program, there were about 4,000 deer in the Kaibab, by 1924, there were about 100,000.
The deer ate every leaf and twig they could reach. But there was not nearly enough food. Hunting of deer was permitted again. This caused a slight decrease in the deer herd （鹿群），but a far greater loss resulted from starvation （饑餓） and disease. Some 60 percent of the deer herd died in two winters. By 1930 the herd had dropped to 20,000 animals. By 1942 it was down to 8,000.
【小題1】 The destruction of the environment of the Kaibab resulted from    

A．interfering with natural cycle of forest life

B．turning the forest into cultivated land

C．forest fires caused by man’s carelessness

D．cutting the trees for building materials

【小題2】 "Engelmann spruce"（Para. 2） is most likely the name of .

A．an animal

B．a tree

C．a mountain

D．a game

【小題3】 The number of the deer in the Kaibab had increased enormously in    years’ time.

A．25

B．6

C．12

D．18

【小題4】 Years later, large numbers of deer in the Kaibab died mainly because of .

A．the cold	B．the organized kill
C．the poor management	D．the shortage of food

Answer 1

【小題1】A
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：本文敘述了人們采取了退林還耕及失火，引起了森林的自然平衡失調。于是國家為了保護森林成立了Kaibab的保護區，鹿被禁獵，但是鹿的敵人卻被大量捕殺，這就引起鹿的食物短缺，又引起大量的鹿的死亡。
【小題1】這是細節理解題。根據More than that, though, he has also interfered （干涉） with the invisible bonds between the living things in the forests. There are many examples of this kind of destruction. The harmfulness of man’s interference can be seen in what happened many years ago in the forest of the Kaibab plateau （凱亞巴布高原） of northern Arizona. Then, in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. Deer hunting was forbidden.由于干涉森林的自然平衡，故選A。
【小題2】這是詞義猜測題。因為and 前例舉的都是樹木，故選B。
【小題3】這是細節理解題。根據in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. 和Before the program, there were about 4,000 deer in the Kaibab, by 1924, there were about 100,000.故選D。
【小題4】這是細節理解題。根據This caused a slight decrease in the deer herd （鹿群），but a far greater loss resulted from starvation （饑餓） and disease.故選 D。
考點：科普環保類短文閱讀。
點評：我們應當充分利用上下文猜測詞義，即利用上下文中我們已經熟悉或明了的單詞或短語，立足上下文語義，進行邏輯上的推理。通常我們可以通過分析構詞法、語法以及同位關系、對比關系、因果關系等來推測，有時還需要借助平時所積累的常識和經驗來判斷。